EXERCISE
1. Fill in the blank with appropriate word.
Question a.
India’s per capita income is less than Brazil due to _______.
(a) low national income
(b) massive population
(c) big family size
(d) low foodgrain production
Answer:
(b) massive population
Question b.
The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on ______ the activities.
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) tertiary
(d) quaternary
Answer:
(c) tertiary
Question c.
The economics of India and Brazil are of the _____ type.
(a) undeveloped
(b) developed
(c) developing
(d) highly developed
Answer:
(c) developing
2. Answer the following questions:
Question a.
Why has mining not developed in the western part of Brazil?
Answer:
(i) Most of the western part of Brazil is covered by the thick dense equatorial rainforests of the Amazon Basin.
(ii) Inaccessibility, poor transport links, unfavourable climate, heavy rainfall are the main barriers for mining in this part.
(iii) Moreover, lack of knowledge of potential reserves of resources is the other factor which has led to limitations in mining in the western part of Brazil.
(iv) Therefore, mining is not developed in the western part of Brazil.
Question b.
What are the similarities and differences in the fishing activities in Brazil and India.
Answer:
Similarities:
- In Brazil and India fishing activity is developed near the coastal areas.
- In both the countries, marine fishing is well- developed.
Differences:
- In India, fresh water fishing is practised, whereas in Brazil due to unfavourable conditions, fresh water fishing is not developed.
- The meeting of the warm Brazil current and the cold Falkland current, off the coast of South-East Brazil makes it a good fishing ground. In India such currents do not come together but due to other favourable conditions fishing has been developed.
- Major fishes of Brazil are swordfish, shrimp, lobsters and sardines.
- Major fishes of India are mackerel, bombay duck, prawns, horse mackerels, clupeids, silver bellies and sardines.
3. Give reasons:
Question a.
Per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.
Answer:
- India occupies 2.4% land area of the world and supports 17.5% of the world’s total population.
- Brazil occupies 5.6% of land area of the world and supports only 2.75% of the world’s total population.
- Average density of population in India is about 382 persons per sq. km. while average density of population in Brazil is around 23 persons per sq. km.
- Thus Brazil’s population is lesser than India, but it occupies a larger land area than India.
- So, the per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.
Question b.
There is mixed economy in Brazil and India.
Answer:
- In a mixed economy there is a co-existence of public sector and private sector.
- In Brazil, sectors like health, banking, telecommunications, railways and airways are owned and managed by both public and private sectors.
- In India railways is largely a public sector whereas all the other sectors are owned and managed by both private and public sectors.
- So it is said that there is a mixed economy in Brazil and India.
4. Study the following graph and analyse in short.
Answer:
(i) This is a compound bar graph showing the contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors to the national income of India and Brazil.
(ii) It also shows the percentage of population engaged in these sectors.
(iii) The contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sector to India’s national income is about 17%, 26% and 57% respectively.
(iv) Whereas the contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sector to Brazil’s national income is about 5%, 28% and 67% respectively.
(v) The population engaged in primary, secondary and tertiary sector of India is about 49% 24% and 27% respectively.
(vi) The population engaged in primary, secondary and tertiary sector of Brazil is about 10%, 19% and 71% respectively.
(vii) Thus it is understood clearly from the graph that Brazil is not an agrarian economy like India.
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