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Kumarbharati English Class 10 Maharashtra Board | Menu
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Notes Class 10 Chapter 3.3 Kumarbharati English Maharashtra Board

Stephen Hawking


About Stephen Hawking

  • Born: 8 January 1942
  • Died: 14 March 2018.
  • British physicist, cosmologist, author.
  • Director of Research, Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, Cambridge.
  • Combined general relativity and quantum mechanics for cosmology.
  • Awards: Presidential Medal of Freedom, FRSA, Pontifical Academy member.

Life and Challenges

  • Born 1942, studied cosmology at Cambridge.
  • Diagnosed with ALS (1963, age 21): nerves controlling muscles failed; given 2.5 years to live.
  • Early symptoms: tripping, slurred speech at Oxford; ignored until 1963.
  • Tests confirmed ALS, not multiple sclerosis; called atypical case.
  • Hospital experience: shared room with leukemia patient, felt his situation was bearable.
  • Dream of execution made him value life.
  • ALS progressed: wheelchair by 1969, needed help for most tasks by mid-1970s.
  • Speech slurred, lost voice after tracheotomy (1985); required 24-hour care.
  • Used speech synthesizer: selected words via clicker, later cheek muscle sensor.
  • Health issues: chest infection (2009), hospitalized as “gravely ill” but recovered.

Scientific Work

  • Combined cosmology (large universe) and quantum mechanics (small particles).
  • Believed in time travel, human colonization of planets.
  • Thought in 11 dimensions.
  • Sought unifying theory to explain universe’s origin.

Books

  • A Brief History of Time (1988):
    • Explained space, time, universe.
    • Bestseller, sold millions, translated into 40+ languages.
  • The Universe in a Nutshell (2001): Illustrated guide to cosmology theories.
  • A Briefer History of Time (2005): Simplified concepts, added string theory.
  • The Grand Design (2010): Argued universe created itself via laws like gravity.
  • The Theory of Everything.
  • Total: 15 books written/co-written.

Views on Universe

  • Early belief: Creator could align with science.
  • The Grand Design: Big Bang due to physics, not God.

Quotes:

  • “Universe can and will create itself from nothing.”
  • “Not necessary to invoke God to set the universe going.”

Achievements

  • World-famous after A Brief History of Time.
  • Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, Cambridge (30 years, retired 2009).
  • Life depicted in The Theory of Everything (2014 film).

Themes

  • Resilience: Overcame ALS to achieve greatness.
  • Technology: Speech synthesizer enabled communication.
  • Curiosity: Pursued unifying theory.
  • Accessibility: Simplified science for public.

Quotes

  • “Before my condition was diagnosed, I had been very bored with life.”
  • “Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself.”
  • “It is not necessary to invoke God.”

Support System

  • Mid-1970s: Graduate student helped with care/work.
  • Assistants and technology aided productivity.

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