Question Ans Class 10 Ch 3.3 Kumarbharati Maharashtra Board

Stephen Hawking

ENGLISH WORKSHOP

1. Observe the timeline and search the occurrences according to it. Prepare a chart.

January 8, 1942: Stephen Hawking was born.
1969: Hawking was forced to use a wheelchair due to the progression of ALS.
1970: (No specific event mentioned for this year in the text.)
1988: Hawking published A Brief History of Time, which became a worldwide bestseller.
2001: Hawking published The Universe in a Nutshell, offering an illustrated guide to cosmology’s big theories.
2005: Hawking authored A Briefer History of Time, simplifying core concepts and including new developments like String theory.
2009: Hawking was unable to attend a conference in Arizona due to a chest infection and was later hospitalized as “gravely ill.”
2010: Hawking published The Grand Design, arguing against the need for God in the creation of the universe.
2014: The film The Theory of Everything was released, depicting part of Hawking’s life story.

2. Make a list of books written by Stephen Hawking.

Name of the Book	What’s in it? (Topics Covered)	His Contribution to the World
1. A Brief History of Time	Overview of space, time, existence of God, and the future	Made cosmology accessible to millions, sold globally in 40+ languages
2. The Universe in a Nutshell	Illustrated guide to big theories of cosmology	Simplified complex ideas with visuals for the public
3. The Grand Design	Challenges the idea of God creating the universe, discusses the Big Bang	Sparked debates on science and religion
4. A Briefer History of Time	Simplified core concepts of cosmology, includes String theory	Made earlier work easier to understand, updated with new science

3. Make a list of Hawking’s physical inabilities after 1963.

(a) Difficulty walking, leading to tripping and falling.
(b) Slurred speech, making it hard for others to understand him.
(c) Loss of physical control over his body, requiring a wheelchair by 1969.
(d) Inability to feed himself or get out of bed without assistance by the mid-1970s.
(e) Complete loss of voice after a tracheotomy in 1985.
(f) Loss of hand movement, relying on a cheek muscle sensor to communicate.

4. Shape your mind. Complete the network of cluster diagram with the name of great personalities and their contribution.

Fine Art: Walt Disney – Created animated films and characters like Mickey Mouse.
Literature: John Milton – Wrote the epic poem Paradise Lost.
Mathematics: Albert Einstein – Developed the theory of relativity (E=mc²).
Science: Stephen Hawking – Explained cosmology through books like A Brief History of Time.

5. Complete the following web.

Stephen Hawking’s Achievements:

Became world famous after the publication of A Brief History of Time.
Wrote 15 books, making science accessible to everyone.
Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest US civilian award.
Developed a unifying theory combining relativity and quantum mechanics.
Inspired millions despite his physical challenges with ALS.

6. Explain how the life of Stephen Hawking proves the proverb ‘Every cloud has a silver lining’.

Stephen Hawking’s life shows that even in difficult times (the “cloud” of ALS), there can be positive outcomes (the “silver lining”). Diagnosed with ALS at 21, he was given only a few years to live. However, this challenge pushed him to focus on his studies and research. As he said, “Before my condition was diagnosed, I had been very bored with life,” but after realizing his limited time, he poured himself into his work. This led him to become a world-famous scientist, write bestselling books, and inspire people globally, proving that good can come from hardship.

7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Justify your stand/answer by quoting a line from the text.

(a) Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.

Disagree. The text states, “At the age of 21, Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig’s disease),” not Alzheimer’s.

(b) Hawking believed that man cannot live on other planets in the future.

Disagree. The text says, “He’s convinced that… humans may indeed colonize other planets in the future,” showing he believed it was possible.

Agree. The text confirms, “Through the program, and the help of assistants, Stephen Hawking has continued to write at a prolific rate.”

(d) Hawking has written or co-written more than 25 books.

Disagree. The text states, “Over the years, Stephen Hawking has written or co-written a total of 15 books,” not more than 25.

8. Following incidents in Stephen Hawking’s life are given in jumbled order. Arrange the incidents in proper sequence as per their order of occurrence in Hawking’s life.

(d) Hawking was diagnosed with ALS while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge (1963).
(b) Hawking published the book A Brief History of Time that offered an overview of space and time (1988).
(a) Hawking’s book The Universe in a Nutshell offered an illustrated guide to cosmology’s big theories (2001).
(e) Hawking published A Briefer History of Time that contained the newest development (2005).
(c) Hawking was unable to attend a conference in Arizona (2009).

9. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the Verbs as per the Subject:

(1) Mother cooks a good meal. (Singular subject, present tense.)

(2) Mother and her daughter cook a good meal. (Compound subject, plural, present tense.)

(3) The rise and fall of the Empire is recorded in History. (Singular subject, present tense.)

(4) Neither Ritesh nor Alok plays well. (Singular subjects with “neither/nor,” singular verb.)

(5) Either of the two is guilty. (Singular phrase, singular verb.)

(6) Everyone makes mistakes. (Singular indefinite pronoun, singular verb.)

(7) That news is published today. (Singular subject, present tense.)

(8) Eight lakh rupees was a big amount. (Singular amount, past tense.)

(9) The Committee has approved of it. (Singular collective noun, present tense.)

(10) The cost of all the goods has risen. (Singular subject, present perfect tense.)

10. From the following sentences, underline the Nouns and encircle their Determiners that specify the noun in a noun phrase.

(1) He lost (his) voice for good.

Noun: voice, Determiner: his (possessive pronoun).

(2) Over (the) years, Hawking has written (15) books.

Nouns: years, books; Determiners: the (article), 15 (quantifier).

(3) (These) three books articulate (his) search for (science’s) Holy Grail.

Nouns: books, search, Holy Grail; Determiners: these (demonstrative), three (quantifier), his (possessive pronoun), science’s (possessive form).

(4) (A) few events prevented him from (despondency).

Nouns: events, despondency; Determiners: a (article), few (quantifier).

(5) (That) dream made him realize it.

Noun: dream; Determiner: that (demonstrative).

11. Complete the information from the following graphic organizer and prepare a summary.

Summary Maker:

Title of the text: Stephen Hawking
(a) Name of the personality: Stephen Hawking
(b) Age: Born January 8, 1942, died March 14, 2018 (lived to 76 years).
(c) Books (As Author): A Brief History of Time, The Universe in a Nutshell, The Grand Design, A Briefer History of Time (and 11 others, totaling 15).
(d) Field of Excellence: Theoretical Physics and Cosmology
(e) Achievements: Wrote bestselling books, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, developed theories combining relativity and quantum mechanics.

Summary: Stephen Hawking, born on January 8, 1942, was a renowned theoretical physicist and cosmologist who lived until March 14, 2018, reaching the age of 76. Despite being diagnosed with ALS at 21, he authored 15 influential books, including A Brief History of Time, The Universe in a Nutshell, The Grand Design, and A Briefer History of Time. His work focused on explaining the universe’s origins through a blend of relativity and quantum mechanics. Among his achievements, he made science accessible to the public, earned the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and inspired millions with his resilience and groundbreaking ideas.