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Kumarbharati English Class 10 Maharashtra Board | Menu
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Summary Chapter 2.1 Kumarbharati English Class 10 Maharashtra Board

Animals

Summary in Marathi

Summary in English

Summary in Hindi

Summary in Marathi

Chapter 2.1, “Animals,” features Walt Whitman’s free-verse poem praising animals for their calm, self-sufficient nature while critiquing human complexities. The poet admires animals for living without complaints, guilt, or material obsessions, unlike humans who are consumed by ego, dissatisfaction, and worship. Animals embody virtues like innocence and contentment, prompting Whitman to wonder if humans lost these qualities, perhaps “negligently” abandoning them. The chapter includes activities like discussions, vocabulary tasks, and figure-of-speech analysis to explore the poem’s themes, encouraging students to compare animal and human traits, appreciate animals’ qualities (e.g., self-reliance, lack of greed), and value the poem’s call for natural simplicity.

Summary in English

“Animals” या २.१ पाठात वॉल्ट व्हिटमन यांची मुक्त छंदातील कविता आहे, जी प्राण्यांच्या शांत, स्वयंपूर्ण स्वभावाचे कौतुक करते आणि मानवी गुंतागुंतीवर टीका करते. कवी प्राण्यांना तक्रारी, अपराधीपणा किंवा भौतिक लालसेपासून मुक्त असे वर्णन करतात, तर मानव अहंकार, असमाधान आणि पूजेच्या बंधनात अडकलेले असतात. प्राणी साधेपणा आणि समाधानाचे गुण दाखवतात, ज्यामुळे व्हिटमन विचार करतात की मानवांनी हे गुण “बेफिकिरीने” सोडले असतील. या पाठात चर्चा, शब्दसंग्रह सराव आणि अलंकार विश्लेषण यांसारखे उपक्रम आहेत, जे प्राणी-मानवी गुणांची तुलना, प्राण्यांचे गुण (उदा. स्वावलंबन, लोभाचा अभाव) यांचे कौतुक आणि कवितेच्या साधेपणाच्या संदेशाला महत्त्व देण्यास प्रोत्साहित करतात.

Summary in Hindi

Animals” नामक २.१ अध्याय में वॉल्ट व्हिटमैन की मुक्त छंद की कविता है, जो जानवरों के शांत, आत्मनिर्भर स्वभाव की प्रशंसा करती है और मानवीय जटिलताओं की आलोचना करती है। कवि जानवरों को शिकायत, अपराधबोध या भौतिक लालसा से मुक्त बताते हैं, जबकि इंसान अहंकार, असंतोष और पूजा में फंसे हैं। जानवर सादगी और संतोष जैसे गुण दिखाते हैं, जिससे व्हिटमैन सोचते हैं कि इंसानों ने शायद इन्हें “लापरवाही से” खो दिया। अध्याय में चर्चा, शब्दावली अभ्यास और अलंकार विश्लेषण जैसे कार्य शामिल हैं, जो जानवरों और इंसानों के गुणों की तुलना, जानवरों के गुणों (जैसे आत्मनिर्भरता, लालच की कमी) की सराहना और कविता के सादगी के संदेश को अपनाने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं।

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