Life Processes in Living Organisms Part – 2
Short Questions
1. What is the main purpose of reproduction in living organisms?
Answer: Reproduction ensures the continuity of a species by producing new organisms.
2. What are the two main types of reproduction in living organisms?
Answer: Asexual and sexual reproduction are the two main types in living organisms.
3. What defines asexual reproduction?
Answer: Asexual reproduction produces new organisms without the fusion of gametes.
4. Which cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?
Answer: Mitotic cell division is used in asexual reproduction to form new organisms.
5. What is binary fission in unicellular organisms?
Answer: Binary fission involves a parent cell dividing into two identical daughter cells.
6. Which organism undergoes transverse binary fission?
Answer: Paramecium undergoes transverse binary fission for asexual reproduction.
7. What is multiple fission in Amoeba?
Answer: Multiple fission in Amoeba forms many daughter cells within a protective cyst.
8. What is budding in yeast cells?
Answer: Budding in yeast involves a bud growing from the parent cell to form a new cell.
9. What is fragmentation in multicellular organisms?
Answer: Fragmentation occurs when a parent organism breaks into fragments, each forming a new organism.
10. Which organism uses regeneration for reproduction?
Answer: Planaria uses regeneration to regrow body parts and form new organisms.
11. How does vegetative propagation occur in sugarcane?
Answer: Vegetative propagation in sugarcane occurs through buds on stem nodes forming new plants.
12. What is spore formation in fungi like Mucor?
Answer: Spore formation in Mucor involves spores from sporangia germinating into new fungal colonies.
13. What are the two key processes in sexual reproduction?
Answer: Gamete formation and fertilization are the two key processes in sexual reproduction.
14. What is double fertilization in plants?
Answer: Double fertilization in plants forms a zygote and endosperm using two male gametes.
15. What is a unisexual flower? Answer: A unisexual flower has either androecium or gynoecium, like in papaya..
16. Which hormone causes follicle development in the menstrual cycle?
Answer: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes follicle development in the menstrual cycle.
17. What is the purpose of in vitro fertilization (IVF)?
Answer: IVF fertilizes an ovum in a test-tube to help childless couples have a child.
18. What role does a surrogate mother play?
Answer: A surrogate mother carries and delivers a baby for a couple with implantation issues.
19. What are dizygotic twins?
Answer: Dizygotic twins are formed from two separate fertilized oocytes, differing genetically.
20. What is meant by population explosion?
Answer: Population explosion refers to a rapid increase in population over a short period.
Long Questions
1. How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?
Answer: Asexual reproduction uses one parent to produce genetically identical offspring without gametes. Sexual reproduction involves two parents, with gametes fusing to create diverse offspring.
2. What is binary fission, and how does it occur in Amoeba?
Answer: Binary fission is when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells. In Amoeba, this division occurs in any plane under favorable conditions with ample food.
3. How does budding take place in Hydra?
Answer: In Hydra, a bud forms by cell division on the body and grows into a small Hydra. It detaches from the parent when mature to live independently.
4. What is vegetative propagation, and how does it occur in Bryophyllum?
Answer: Vegetative propagation uses plant parts for reproduction without seeds. In Bryophyllum, buds on leaf margins grow into new plants when they contact soil.
5. How does sexual reproduction in plants result in seed formation?
Answer: Pollination transfers pollen to the stigma, followed by double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. The zygote develops into a seed within the ovary, which becomes a fruit.
6. What is the menstrual cycle’s role in female reproduction?
Answer: The menstrual cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy every 28-30 days through hormone-driven ovulation and endometrium growth. If no fertilization occurs, the endometrium sheds, causing menstruation.
7. How does fertilization occur in the human body?
Answer: Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an ovum in the oviduct after copulation. The resulting zygote develops into an embryo in the uterus.
8. Why is in vitro fertilization (IVF) important for childless couples?
Answer: IVF enables fertilization in a test-tube for couples with issues like low sperm count. The embryo is then implanted in the uterus for pregnancy.
9. Why is reproductive health important, especially for women?
Answer: Reproductive health ensures well-being in reproduction, requiring hygiene to prevent infections. Women face challenges like menstrual hygiene, often neglected due to social customs.
10. Why is family planning essential to address population explosion?
Answer: Population explosion causes resource strain and unemployment, requiring population control. Family planning promotes contraception to improve living standards and sustainability.
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