Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom
Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.
(1) The royal poet in the court of Balban was _____ .
(a) Al-Beruni (b) Tuli
(c) Amir Khusrow
(d) Husen Shah Sharukhi
Answer: (c) Amir Khusrow
(2) The first ruler who built the buildings in Indo-Islamic style of architecture was ______ .
(a) Ferozshah Tughluq
(b) Qutubuddin Aibak
(c) Alauddin Khalji
(d) Akbar
Answer: (b) Qutubuddin Aibak
(B) Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.
| Set ‘A’ | Set ‘B’ |
| (a) Rajasthan | Chauhans |
| (b) Kanauj | Pratiharas |
| (c) Bundelkhand | Chandelas |
| (d) Tripuri | Paramaras |
Answer: (d) Tripuri – Kalachuris
Q.2 Complete the following concept map.
Answer:
Q.3 Explain the statements with reasons.
(1) The Arab rule did not expand in India.
Answer: After Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Multan in 712 C.E., the Arab rule in India became unstable. The document states that following his conquest, the Arabs could not maintain a strong hold, and their rule grew weak. The subsequent establishment of Islamic rule in India was primarily by the Turks, who were more successful in their invasions and consolidation of power. The lack of centralized control and internal instability among the Arabs limited their ability to expand further into India.
(2) The Rajput rulers had to accept defeat in front of the Turkish invaders.
Answer: The Rajput rulers faced defeat due to several factors outlined in the document. There was internal dissent, lack of unity, and no centralized power among the Indian kingdoms. The absence of a standing army further weakened their resistance. Additionally, the Turkish invaders employed cruel and aggressive war strategies, which overwhelmed the individual efforts of rulers like Prithviraj Chauhan. Despite resistance, the lack of collective action, as seen after the Second Battle of Tarain, allowed the Turks to establish their empire from Sindh to Bengal.
Q.4 State your opinion.
The textile industry flourished during the Sultanate rule.
Answer: The textile industry indeed flourished during the Sultanate period, as evidenced by the document. Major centers like Delhi, Agra, Lahore, Multan, Banaras, Patna, Khambayat, Burhanpur, and Devgiri became hubs for textile production, with cotton cloth, muslin, linen, satin, and jari cloth being exported from regions like Bengal and Gujarat. The document highlights the finesse of craftsmanship, such as the muslin of Dhaka described by Amir Khusrow, which was so fine that it could pass through a needle’s hole. The growth of the textile dyeing industry in places like Golconda, Ahmedabad, and Dhaka, along with increased internal trade through weekly markets and new trade centers, further supported the industry’s prosperity. The export of textiles to countries like Iran, Arabia, and China indicates a robust demand and economic significance, confirming that the textile industry thrived under the Sultanate rule.
Q.5 Write short notes –
(1) Khyber Pass
Answer: The Khyber Pass is a historically significant route connecting Afghanistan and Pakistan, crucial for trade and invasions into India. The document notes its importance in ancient times for trade between India and Central Asia. Invaders like Persian Emperor Darius, Alexander, Mahmud Ghazni, Babur, Nadir Shah, and Ahmed Shah Abdali used this pass to enter India. During the 20th century, the British built a 52-kilometer railway line ending at Jamrud, near Peshawar, with 34 tunnels and 92 bridges, underscoring its strategic importance.
(2) Coins during Sultanate period
Answer: During the Sultanate period, the coinage system underwent significant changes. The document mentions that coins no longer bore images of deities; instead, they featured the names of the Khalifa and the Sultan, along with details like the year of issue and minting place in Arabic script. The ‘Tola’ became the standard unit for coin weight. Muhammad-bin-Tughluq was the first Sultan to issue copper coins, though his changes in the coinage system, coupled with poor implementation, led to economic unrest and a decline in the Sultanate’s prestige.
Q.6 Anwer the following question with the help of given points.
Write down the information about the invasion of Alauddin Khalji on Yadavas of Devgiri with the help of points given below.
(a) Reasons of invasion
Answer: Alauddin Khalji’s invasions on Devgiri were driven by political and economic motives. In 1296 C.E., he sought to amass wealth to strengthen his treasury. By 1312 C.E., the primary reason was to subdue the Yadavas, as King Ramadevarai had stopped paying tribute. The document also highlights Alauddin’s need to keep his newly expanded permanent standing army occupied and to offset the financial strain caused by his economic reforms, such as market price controls, which burdened the state treasury.
(b) Invasion and events
Answer: In 1296 C.E., Alauddin Khalji launched a sudden attack on Devgiri, a prosperous city ruled by King Ramadevarai Yadava. Ramadevarai took shelter in the Devgiri fort (Daulatabad), but Alauddin seized the fort and plundered the city. Due to an acute food shortage in the fort, Ramadevarai was forced to sign a treaty, surrendering wealth and nearby provinces. In 1312 C.E., when Ramadevarai ceased paying tribute, Alauddin sent his commander, Malik Kafur, to the South. Malik Kafur’s campaign successfully subdued the Yadavas and enforced the payment of tribute.
(c) Effects of invasion
Answer: The invasions significantly weakened the Yadavas of Devgiri, forcing them to cede wealth and territories, which bolstered Alauddin’s treasury and military power. The treaty of 1296 C.E. established Alauddin’s dominance over Devgiri and its neighboring regions. The 1312 C.E. campaign reinforced his authority, ensuring regular tribute payments. However, these invasions also drained the resources of South Indian rulers, contributing to the broader economic and political instability that paved the way for the rise of new kingdoms like Vijayanagar and Bahamani, as noted in the document.
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