Socialization
1. (A) Choose the correct alternative and complete the statements.
(1) The process whereby an individual learns to conform to the norms of society is04huj called ___. (assimilation, socialization, cooperation)
Answer: socialization
(2) Family is a ___ agency of socialization. (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Answer: primary
(3) School is a/an ____ agency of socialization. (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Answer: secondary
(4) Television is a/an ___ medium of communication. (audio, visual, audiovisual)
Answer: audiovisual
1. (B) Correct the incorrect pair.
(1) (i) Language, behaviour – family
(ii) Social values like friendship – peer group
(iii) Teamwork, discipline – neighborhood
(iv) To build opinion – mass media
Answer: Corrected pair: Teamwork, discipline – school
1. (C) Identify the appropriate term from the given options.
Internet, Peer group, Childhood socialization
1. Takes place in the early years of life: Childhood socialization
2. Global impact in today’s world: Internet
1. (D) Correct underlined words and complete the sentence
(1) Radio is an audiovisual medium.
Answer: Radio is an audio medium.
(2) Peer group is an example of an authoritarian agency.
Answer: Peer group is an example of an informal agency.
2. Write short notes.
(1) Formation of ‘self’ according to Mead
Answer: George Herbert Mead proposed that the “self” develops through social interaction, divided into the “I” (spontaneous self) and the “me” (socialized self). The process occurs in stages: imitation (infancy), play (taking others’ roles), and game (understanding multiple roles), shaped by the generalized other. This reflects how individuals internalize societal norms to form identity.
(2) Agencies of socialization
Answer: Agencies of socialization are institutions or groups that teach individuals societal norms. Primary agencies (e.g., family) influence early learning, while secondary agencies (e.g., school, peer group, mass media) shape later development. They collectively mold behavior, values, and identity through interaction.
(3) Resocialization
Answer: Resocialization is the process of unlearning old norms and adopting new ones, often in controlled settings like prisons or monasteries. It involves a break from past identity, followed by retraining, ensuring adaptation to new roles or environments.
3. Explain the following concept with an example.
(1) Primary socialization
Answer: Primary socialization occurs in early childhood within the family, where basic values, language, and behavior are learned. For example, a child learns to say “please” and “thank you” from parents, forming the foundation of social interaction.
(2) Secondary socialization
Answer: Secondary socialization happens later through institutions like schools or peer groups, refining social skills and norms. For instance, a student learns teamwork and discipline in school through group projects, extending beyond family influence.
4. (A) Complete the concept map.
Answer: Agencies of socialization
- Family
- School
- Peer group
- Mass media
4. (B) State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons.
(1) Socialization is a life-long process.
Answer: True
- Reason : Socialization continues throughout life as individuals adapt to new roles (e.g., parenthood, retirement) and societal changes, reinforced by ongoing interactions with agencies like media.
(2) Advertisements influence consumer behaviour.
Answer: True
- Reason: Advertisements shape preferences and purchasing decisions by promoting products through persuasive visuals and slogans, as seen in increased sales of advertised brands.
5. Give your personal response.
(1) ‘Breaking News’ tends to create panic or emotional responses. Why do you think this happens? Give relevant examples to illustrate.
Answer: I believe “Breaking News” creates panic or emotional responses because it often highlights sudden, dramatic events like natural disasters or crimes, triggering fear or anxiety. For example, continuous coverage of a terrorist attack can lead to public unease, while sensationalized health alerts (e.g., a new virus outbreak) may cause overreactions like hoarding supplies. The urgency and repetition amplify emotions, often overshadowing balanced reporting.
(2) The use of ‘unacceptable language’ is often picked up by children even if this kind of language is not used within the home. Explain how this might happen.
Answer: This can happen through secondary socialization, where children are exposed to peer groups or mass media, like movies or social media, using such language. For instance, a child might adopt slang or profanity heard from friends at school or on TV shows, as they seek acceptance or mimic popular trends, overriding home-taught values.
6. Answer the following question in detail (about 150-200 words)
You belong to a generation that has been exposed to the internet. Discuss how the internet has brought about positive and negative results.
Answer: The internet has profoundly shaped my generation, bringing both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, it has revolutionized access to information, enabling instant learning through online courses, research, and global news, which enhances education and awareness. Social connectivity has improved, with platforms like social media allowing me to maintain relationships across distances and engage in diverse communities, fostering cultural exchange. Economically, it has opened opportunities like e-commerce and remote work, empowering entrepreneurship and flexibility. However, the negative impacts are significant. Excessive screen time can lead to addiction, reducing face-to-face interactions and affecting mental health, as seen with increased anxiety among peers. Misinformation spreads rapidly, with fake news influencing opinions, such as during elections or health crises like COVID-19, causing confusion. Privacy concerns arise from data breaches and online tracking, compromising personal security. Additionally, cyberbullying and exposure to inappropriate content pose risks, especially to younger users. In conclusion, while the internet offers unparalleled benefits like knowledge and connectivity, its challenges—addiction, misinformation, and privacy issues—require balanced usage and digital literacy to mitigate its downsides effectively.
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