Renaissance in Europe and Development of Science
Short Questions
1. What is the Renaissance period known for?
Answer: Rebirth of art, science, and culture in Europe.
2. What were the European Crusades?
Answer: Wars fought by Christians to regain holy cities like Jerusalem.
3. Who invented the printing press?
Answer: Johannes Gutenberg.
4. What did Galileo prove about falling objects?
Answer: Objects of different weights fall at the same speed.
5. Who discovered the Cape of Good Hope?
Answer: Bartholomew Dias.
6. What was the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Shift from manual to mechanized production.
7. Who was the Father of Empirical Science?
Answer: Galileo.
8. What is Economic Nationalism?
Answer: Promoting a nation’s economy while restricting rivals.
9. Who reached India in 1498?
Answer: Vasco da Gama.
10. What machine increased weaving speed in 1738?
Answer: Flying shuttle.
Long Questions
1. Why did the European Crusades fail?
Answer: The Crusades failed due to the selfish motives of the Pope and European rulers, lack of cooperation among leaders, and loss of faith among common people. Disputes between the Pope and kings also weakened their efforts.
2. How did the Renaissance change European thinking?
Answer: The Renaissance promoted humanism, focusing on human potential and rational thinking. It encouraged scientific inquiry and revived Greek and Roman art, reducing the Church’s control over ideas.
3. What was the role of the Catholic Church before the Renaissance?
Answer: The Catholic Church controlled religious and personal lives, restricted free thinking, and exploited people with fees. It punished those who challenged its interpretation of the Bible.
4. How did Galileo contribute to science during the Renaissance?
Answer: Galileo proved that all objects fall at the same speed and improved the telescope for astronomy. He discovered Jupiter’s moons and disproved myths about the Moon’s surface.
5. What were the major scientific inventions during the Renaissance?
Answer: Inventions like the compass, telescope, microscope, and printing press revolutionized science. These tools helped explore the universe, study microorganisms, and spread knowledge widely.
6. Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England?
Answer: England had abundant iron and coal, a damp climate for cotton, and colonies for cheap raw materials. Profits from colonies and cheap labor created ideal conditions for industrialization.
7. How did the Crusades impact European trade?
Answer: The Crusades increased trade with Central Asia, opening new markets for Italian and German cities. Contact with Arabs introduced new goods like sugar, silk, and spices.
8. Who was Christopher Columbus, and what did he achieve?
Answer: Columbus was an Italian explorer who sailed west to find India but discovered islands near America. His voyages opened new lands for European exploration and colonization.
9. What was the significance of the spinning jenny in the textile industry?
Answer: The spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves, allowed one worker to spin eight threads at once. It reduced labor, increased yarn production, and boosted the textile industry.
10. How did Economic Nationalism lead to imperialism?
Answer: Economic Nationalism encouraged nations to restrict rival economies and capture colonies for raw materials and markets. This pursuit of surplus production and wealth fueled imperialism.
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