India Transformed – Part II
Short Questions
1. Who founded the Muslim Satyashodhak Samaj?
Answer: Hamid Dalwai.
2. What is the full form of AYUSH?
Answer: Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy.
3. Which state became India’s first 100% literate state?
Answer: Kerala.
4. What is the name of the campaign launched for polio eradication?
Answer: Pulse Polio.
5. Who is known as ‘Beejmata’?
Answer: Rahibai Popere.
6. Which gas was recommended to reduce pollution in Delhi?
Answer: CNG (Compressed Natural Gas).
7. What is the name of the turtle festival in Ratnagiri?
Answer: Turtle Festival.
8. Which award was given to Sachin Tendulkar?
Answer: Bharat Ratna.
9. What is the name of the tourism campaign ‘Atulya Bharat’?
Answer: A campaign to boost tourism.
10. Which organization works for heritage conservation in India?
Answer: INTACH.
Long Questions
1. What was the purpose of the Human Rights Protection Act 1993?
Answer: The Human Rights Protection Act 1993 established the National Human Rights Commission to protect fundamental rights like life and equality. It allows the commission to act on complaints or media reports to ensure no one is deprived of these rights.
2. How did the Pulse Polio campaign work to eradicate polio in India?
Answer: The Pulse Polio campaign, started in 1995, aimed to vaccinate all children under five against polio. It used awareness camps, home visits, and media to ensure success, supported by WHO, UNICEF, and the Government of India.
3. What steps were taken to address air pollution in Delhi?
Answer: The Centre for Science and Environment highlighted Delhi’s pollution due to vehicles. The Supreme Court ordered CNG use for public transport in 1998, and vehicles now need a Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificate for insurance.
4. Who is Rahibai Popere, and what is her contribution to agriculture?
Answer: Rahibai Popere, known as ‘Beejmata,’ preserves native seeds of food grains and vegetables. She started a seed bank with over 50 landraces, spreading her work through micro-banking groups and BAIF to promote sustainable farming.
5. What is the role of Bhau Katdare in environmental conservation?
Answer: Bhau Katdare, through Sahyadri Nisarg Mitra, protects endangered species like the White-breasted Sea Eagle and Olive Ridley turtles. His efforts led to the Turtle Festival and the inclusion of Indian Swiftlets in the Wildlife Protection Act.
6. How did Kerala achieve 100% literacy in 1990?
Answer: Kerala became 100% literate in 1990 through a campaign teaching reading, writing, math, hygiene, and savings. Free eye check-up camps and spectacles were provided to senior citizens, helping them attend literacy classes.
7. What are the objectives of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program?
Answer: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, launched in 2001, aims to provide free education to children aged 6-14, eliminate gender discrimination, ensure 100% school attendance, and improve education quality, especially for girls and special-needs children.
8. What is the significance of the Khelo India scheme?
Answer: Khelo India promotes sports by encouraging student participation from school, increasing girls’ involvement, and building sports facilities. It aims to create a platform for excellence and offers training under Sports Authority of India coaches.
9. How does the Ministry of Tourism attract foreign tourists to India?
Answer: The Ministry of Tourism provides e-visas, a 24/7 multilingual helpline (dial 1363), and promotes unique destinations through campaigns like Atulya Bharat and Swadesh Darshan, covering pilgrimage, adventure, and eco-tourism.
10. What is the role of INTACH in preserving India’s heritage?
Answer: INTACH, established in 1984, conserves India’s tangible and intangible heritage through its branches across the country. It works on architectural, natural, and cultural heritage, raising awareness and offering training via the INTACH Heritage Academy.
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