Important Questions For All Chapters – Political Science Class 12
Key Concepts and Issues since 1991: Humanitarian Issues
Short Questions
1. What is the environment?
Answer: Everything around us.
2. When was the UN Conference on Human Environment held?
Answer: 1972.
3. Where was the Rio Earth Summit held?
Answer: Rio de Janeiro.
4. What does sustainable development focus on?
Answer: Future needs.
5. What causes climate change?
Answer: Greenhouse gases.
6. What is deforestation?
Answer: Cutting trees.
7. What is water scarcity?
Answer: Lack of water.
8. What is the goal of environmental sustainability?
Answer: Protect resources.
9. What is poverty according to tradition?
Answer: Lack of basics.
10. When was MGNREGA launched?
Answer: 2005.
11. What does women empowerment mean?
Answer: Gaining control.
12. When did the UN Decade for Women start?
Answer: 1975.
13. What is gender inequality?
Answer: Unequal treatment.
14. When was the National Commission for Women set up?
Answer: 1990.
15. What is the Planning Commission replaced by?
Answer: NITI Aayog.
Long Questions
1. What was the purpose of the 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment?
Answer: It aimed to encourage protection and improvement of the human environment by setting guidelines for nations.
2. How does deforestation affect the environment?
Answer: It increases CO2 in the atmosphere, worsens global warming, and threatens animals and humans who depend on forests.
3. What is the difference between traditional and non-traditional views of poverty?
Answer: Traditional poverty focuses on lack of food and shelter, while non-traditional includes wellbeing, participation, and sustainability.
4. What was the goal of the Rio Earth Summit in 1992?
Answer: It sought international cooperation to integrate environment and development for a healthy planet.
5. How does the Indian government tackle environmental issues?
Answer: The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change makes policies to conserve resources and reduce pollution.
6. What is the role of the Green Revolution in India?
Answer: It introduced high-yielding seeds and better farming methods in the 1960s to make India self-sufficient in food grains.
7. How has India’s development strategy changed since 1991?
Answer: India shifted from a socialist approach to economic liberalization, encouraging private sector growth and reforms.
8. Why is women’s empowerment important for sustainable development?
Answer: Empowering women ensures equal participation in society, which supports balanced growth and resource use.
9. What are some poverty alleviation programs in India?
Answer: Programs like MGNREGA and Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana provide jobs and housing to reduce poverty.
10. What are the key gender issues faced by women in India?
Answer: Women face economic inequality, low literacy, trafficking, and poor political representation despite legal rights.
Leave a Reply