Question Answers For All Chapters – Political Science Class 12
Key Concepts and Issues since 1991: Globalisation
Exercise
Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.
Answer : 1. The technologies of the information age are by their nature transnational.
2. In 1995, GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organisation.
(B) Find the odd word in the given set.
Mobile, Satellite, Internet, Gramophone
Answer : Odd word: Gramophone
(Explanation: Mobile, Satellite, and Internet are modern technologies of the information age that enhance global connectivity, while Gramophone is an outdated device not associated with the current era of globalization.)
(C) Suggest appropriate concept for the given statements.
Answer :
(1) The international agency dealing with international trade – World Trade Organisation (WTO)
(2) The companies that operate in several countries – Multinational Companies (MNCs)
(D) Identify the incorrect pair in every set, correct it and rewrite it.
Answer :
1. Incorrect Pair: (iii) Perishable commodity – Coal
Corrected Pair: (iii) Perishable commodity – Fruits
Corrected Pair: (ii) India – Economic liberalism
Q.2 State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.
Answer :
(1) Investment in infrastructure sector is most important – True
Reason: Infrastructure development like roads, railways, airports, and communication networks is essential for long-term economic growth and connectivity.
(2) Non-state actors have become irrelevant in the age of globalisation – False
Reason: Non-state actors such as NGOs, international organizations, and civil society play a crucial role in global issues like human rights, environment, and humanitarian aid.
Q.3 Explain co-relation between the following.
Answer :
1. Globalisation and Culture
Globalization has led to the emergence of a “global cosmopolitan culture” by increasing interconnectedness through media, technology, and the movement of people. This has introduced Western values like individualism, materialism, and modernization into societies, influencing lifestyles (e.g., fast food consumption, celebrating Western festivals like Friendship Day). However, it also raises concerns about the erosion of traditional values and cultural identity, as seen in India with the shift from joint families to individualism.
2. GATT and WTO
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), established in 1948, was an agreement among nations to regulate international trade by reducing tariffs and barriers. It laid the foundation for global trade rules but was limited in scope. In 1995, GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), an international body with broader authority to promote free trade, settle disputes, and expand trade into services (via GATS) and intellectual property (via TRIPs), making it a more comprehensive successor to GATT.
Q.4 Express your opinion of the following.
Participatory State is beneficial to the society.
Answer : Yes, a participatory state is highly beneficial as it allows involvement of all sections of society in decision-making. It promotes transparency, accountability, and responsiveness of the government. This ensures that policies reflect the needs of people and strengthens democracy.
Q.5 Answer the following question in 80 to 100 words.
What are the positive and negative aspects of Globalisation?
Answer : Globalization has brought several positive aspects, such as increased interconnectedness through technology, new employment opportunities (e.g., in the private sector), and access to global markets for countries like India (e.g., exporting agricultural goods). It has enhanced awareness of global events and improved communication. However, it also has negative aspects, including the fear of reduced state welfare, as private sector dominance grows, and the threat to small businesses and farmers from international competition. Additionally, cultural erosion due to Western influence and rising individualism are concerns, challenging traditional values and social structures in India.
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