Question Answers For All Chapters – Political Science Class 12
India and the World
Exercise
Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements:
Answer: 1. Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan are known as Himalayan kingdoms.
2. The US regards India as a major partner in the Indo-Pacific region.
Q.1 (B) Identify the incorrect pair in the set. Correct it and rewrite.
Answer: Incorrect Pair: (b) ANZUS – Africa
Correct Pair: (b) ANZUS – Australia, New Zealand, United States
Explanation: ANZUS as a military alliance between the United States, Australia, and New Zealand (formed in 1951), not Africa. NATO pertains to Europe, and SEATO relates to Southeast Asia, which are correct.
Q.2 State whether the following statements are true or false with reason.
(1) Iran has been a traditional friend of India.
Answer: True – Iran has been a traditional friend of India.
Reason: India and Iran share historical, cultural and political ties dating back to the medieval period. Iran has supported India at various forums and has been a reliable partner in energy and regional connectivity.
(2) In changing world order of 1990s, the issue of terrorism has been dominant
Answer: False – In the changing world order of the 1990s, the issue of energy security and economic development became dominant, not terrorism (although terrorism did become a concern later).
(3) The Sagarmala project is a more comprehensive road connectivity plan.
Answer: False – The Sagarmala project is not a road connectivity plan; it is aimed at promoting port-led development. The Bharatmala project is focused on comprehensive road connectivity.
Q.3 Express your opinion.
India’s role in the Indian Ocean.
Answer: India plays a crucial role in the Indian Ocean region due to its strategic location. It has one of the longest coastlines and access to important sea routes. India ensures maritime security, anti-piracy operations, and safe trade passage through initiatives like the Sagarmala Programme. It also participates actively in the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and promotes regional cooperation. India’s Navy plays a significant role in projecting power and supporting peace in the region.
Q.4 Answer the following.
(1) Write a note on India’s relations with Africa.
Answer: India supported anti-colonial struggles and the fight against apartheid in Africa.
Indian oil companies have invested in African countries for energy security.
There is a large Indian diaspora in Eastern and Southern Africa.
India offers military training to African countries and contributes to peace in the Indian Ocean region.
India aims to increase technological, trade, and development cooperation with Africa.
(2) Discuss briefly India-China relations.
Answer: India and China initially had friendly relations and signed agreements in the 1950s.
Tensions rose due to border disputes in Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, leading to the 1962 war.
Relations improved with diplomatic efforts in the 1970s and 1980s.
Recent relations are complex – economic ties have grown, but border issues and China’s support to Pakistan remain major concerns.
Both nations cooperate in forums like WTO and on climate change, but competition and mistrust persist.
Q.5 Answer the following question in detail with help of the given points.
Explain the factors influencing India’s foreign policy.
Answer: (a) Geographical factors:
India’s location with vast coastlines and borders with countries like China affects security and foreign relations.
Dominance in the Indian Ocean gives India strategic maritime advantages.
(b) Historical factors:
India’s cultural tradition of peace, anti-colonialism, and past ties with Asian and African civilizations shape its foreign policy.
(c) Economical factors:
Post-independence, India focused on economic self-reliance.
Post-1991 liberalization connected India’s foreign policy with global trade, investment, and energy security.
(d) Political factors:
Leaders like Nehru, Indira Gandhi, and Modi have influenced foreign policy directions.
Institutions like the Ministry of External Affairs and National Security Advisor play key roles.
(e) International System:
During the Cold War, India followed non-alignment.
Post-Cold War, India pursued pragmatic relations based on national interest, adapting to changes in global power dynamics.
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