Imp Questions For All Chapters – Geography Class 7
Soils
Short Questions
1. What are the main factors that influence soil formation?
Answer: Parent rock, climate, biotic material, slope, and time influence soil formation.
2. Which type of soil is found in the Deccan Plateau?
Answer: Black soil (regur soil) is found in the Deccan Plateau.
3. Why is humus important for soil?
Answer: Humus increases soil fertility by providing organic nutrients to plants.
4. What is soil erosion?
Answer: Soil erosion is the removal of the top layer of soil by wind or water.
5. Which soil is suitable for growing tea and coffee?
Answer: Laterite soil, found in high rainfall areas, is suitable for tea and coffee.
6. What are the major types of soil found in Maharashtra?
Answer: Coarse soil, black soil, laterite soil, alluvial soil, and yellow-brown soil.
7. What is the effect of over-irrigation on soil?
Answer: Over-irrigation increases soil salinity, making it unproductive.
8. Which soil is found in the river valleys of Maharashtra?
Answer: Black soil is found in the river valleys of Maharashtra.
9. What is the role of microorganisms in soil formation?
Answer: Microorganisms decompose organic matter to form humus, enriching the soil.
10. What is the Geographic Indication (GI) of soil-based crops?
Answer: It is a special status given to crops grown in specific regions, like Nagpur oranges.
Long Questions
1. Explain the role of parent rock in soil formation.
Answer: The parent rock determines soil characteristics as it weathers into fine particles over time. Hard rocks break down slowly, while soft rocks break down faster, forming different types of soil.
2. How does climate influence soil formation?
Answer: Climate affects the intensity of rock weathering, leading to different soil types. In dry regions, black soil forms, whereas in humid areas, leaching creates lateritic soil.
3. What is soil degradation, and how does it occur?
Answer: Soil degradation is the loss of fertility due to excessive chemical use, deforestation, and over-irrigation. It reduces the humus content and makes the soil less productive for agriculture.
4. Why do equatorial regions have fertile soil?
Answer: Equatorial regions receive heavy rainfall and have high temperatures, which accelerate soil formation and organic decomposition, resulting in nutrient-rich fertile soil.
5. Describe two methods of soil conservation.
Answer: Afforestation prevents soil erosion by holding the soil with plant roots, while contour farming reduces water runoff by plowing across slopes, preserving soil fertility.
6. Why is soil important for plant growth?
Answer: Soil provides plants with essential nutrients, water retention, and support for roots. Fertile soil ensures healthy vegetation and higher agricultural production.
7. What are the effects of deforestation on soil?
Answer: Deforestation removes vegetation cover, exposing soil to wind and water erosion. This leads to loss of topsoil, reduced fertility, and desertification in some areas.
8. How do human activities contribute to soil erosion?
Answer: Activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and improper farming techniques disturb soil structure, making it more vulnerable to erosion by wind and water.
9. What is the importance of black soil in agriculture?
Answer: Black soil retains moisture and is rich in minerals, making it ideal for growing crops like cotton, jowar, and bajra, especially in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
10. How does the government help in soil conservation?
Answer: The government implements programs like Jalayukt Shivar and watershed development to prevent soil erosion. These include building trenches, farm bunds, and planting trees.
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