Questions Answers For All Chapters – Geography Class 7
Agriculture
Q. 1. Select the proper option for the following statements.
(1) In which of the following type of farming are the crops rotated?
(a) Intensive (c) Commercial
(b) Plantation (d) All of these
Answer: (a) Intensive
(2) Agriculture requires the following:
(a) Only ploughing
(b) Use of animals, implements, machines and manpower
(c) Use of only manpower
(d) Just cultivate the crop
Answer: (b) Use of animals, implements, machines, and manpower
(3) In India, agriculture has developed because….
(a) There are two seasons of agriculture in India.
(b) Majority of the people depend on agriculture.
(c) Traditional agriculture is practised in India.
(d) In India factors like climate, soils, water, etc. are conducive.
Answer: (d) In India, factors like climate, soils, water, etc., are conducive.
(4) It is necessary that modern methods and technology be used in agriculture in India because….
(a) There are factories producing improved seeds.
(b) There are industries producing fertilizers.
(c) Population is growing and there are agro-based industries.
(d) Modern means and machines are available.
Answer: (c) Population is growing, and there are agro-based industries.
Q. 2. Give short answers for the following questions.
(1) Describe the importance of irrigation for agriculture.
Answer:
- Irrigation is essential for agriculture as it provides a continuous supply of water, ensuring the growth of crops even in dry seasons.
- It helps in increasing crop productivity and reduces dependence on monsoon rains.
- Modern irrigation methods like drip irrigation and sprinklers conserve water and enhance efficiency.
(2) Give a comparative account of any two methods of irrigation.
Answer:
- Surface Irrigation: In this method, water is distributed over the land through channels or pipes. It is inexpensive but leads to water wastage.
- Drip Irrigation: This method delivers water directly to plant roots using pipes and emitters, conserving water and increasing crop yield.
(3) Mention the major types of farming and give information about intensive farming and extensive grain farming.
Answer:
- Major types of farming: Subsistence farming, Intensive farming, Shifting cultivation, Commercial farming (including Extensive grain farming and Plantation farming).
- Intensive Farming: This method aims to get maximum yield from a small area using labor-intensive techniques and fertilizers. It is common in densely populated regions.
- Extensive Grain Farming: It involves large-scale cultivation of a single crop, such as wheat or corn, using mechanized methods in regions with sparse population.
(4) Describe the characteristics of plantation farming.
Answer:
- Plantation farming is practiced in large estates, usually above 40 hectares.
- It involves monoculture, growing commercial crops like tea, coffee, rubber, and spices.
- Since it is carried out in hilly areas, manual labor is required as machines cannot be used.
- It demands heavy investment, scientific methods, and long-term planning.
(5) Which are the crops cultivated in your area? What are the geographical reasons for that?
Answer:
Crops grown: Sugarcane, rice, wheat, cotton, jowar, bajra, and fruits like mangoes and grapes.
Geographical reasons:
- Maharashtra has a diverse climate, with regions suitable for different crops.
- The black soil of Vidarbha is ideal for cotton cultivation.
- The Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall, supporting rice and fruit farming.
- The presence of irrigation facilities supports sugarcane cultivation.
(6) Why is the agriculture in India seasonal in nature? What are the difficulties for perennial agriculture?
Answer:
Agriculture in India is seasonal because it depends on monsoon rainfall, temperature variations, and soil conditions. The Kharif and Rabi crop seasons are determined by monsoon patterns.
Difficulties for perennial agriculture:
- Uneven distribution of rainfall across the country.
- Lack of advanced irrigation infrastructure in many areas.
- Soil degradation due to overuse of fertilizers and pesticides.
- Market price fluctuations affecting profitability.
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