Notes For All Chapters – History Class 7
1. Ahilyabai Holkar and Her Rule
- Ahilyabai Holkar became the ruler of Indore after her father-in-law, Malharrao Holkar, passed away.
- She was a wise and just ruler who focused on public welfare.
- She built temples, dharmashalas (rest houses), forts, wells, and roads.
- She encouraged agriculture, trade, and justice for her people.
2. Mahadji Shinde’s Role in North India
- Mahadji Shinde was an important Maratha leader who restored Maratha power in North India.
- He defeated the Jats, Rajputs, and Rohillas to expand the Maratha Empire.
- He fought against the British and the Afghans to strengthen Maratha influence.
- He helped the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam return to the Delhi throne.
3. The Marathas in Gujarat
- The Marathas ruled Gujarat under the leadership of Khanderao Dabhade and later the Gaikwads of Vadodara.
- They collected taxes like Chauth and Sardeshmukhi and maintained control over Gujarat.
4. The Role of Nana Phadnavis
- Nana Phadnavis was a clever administrator who managed Maratha politics in the South.
- He formed alliances and tried to protect Maratha power from British expansion.
- He worked to keep the Maratha Empire strong despite internal conflicts.
5. The British-Maratha Conflict
- The Marathas and the British clashed over control of India.
- The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818) led to the defeat of the Marathas.
- The British took over Pune and other Maratha territories, ending Maratha rule in 1818.
6. Reasons for the Decline of the Marathas
- Internal conflicts among Maratha leaders weakened their power.
- Bajirao II was a weak leader and could not unite the Marathas.
- The British had better weapons, trained soldiers, and strong war strategies.
- The Marathas lost their influence after the Battle of Ashti in 1818.
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