Notes For All Chapters – History Class 7
1. Introduction
- Shivaji Maharaj ruled in the 17th century, and life was very different from today.
- People’s houses, transport, food, trade, and entertainment were simple.
- Over time, many changes have happened in how people live, work, and enjoy life.
2. Life in Villages and Cities in Shivaji Maharaj’s Era
(a) Villages
- Agriculture was the main occupation.
- Farmers grew grains, vegetables, and fruits.
- Villages had wells, ponds, and small markets.
- People used bullock carts and horses for travel.
- The village Patil was responsible for security and justice.
- The Kulkarni handled taxes and records.
(b) Cities
- Cities were small compared to today.
- There were markets where traders sold grains, cloth, and jewelry.
- Blacksmiths, weavers, and potters made tools, clothes, and pots.
- The administration was strict, and there were strong forts for defense.
3. Houses in the Past and Present
| Time Period | House Type |
|---|---|
| Shivaji’s Era | Mud houses, wadas (big houses), and wooden houses |
| Today | Cement-concrete buildings, flats, and skyscrapers |
4. Transport in the Past and Present
| Time Period | Transport Used |
|---|---|
| Shivaji’s Era | Bullock carts, horses, and boats |
| Today | Buses, trains, aeroplanes, and cars |
5. Trade and Transactions
- In Shivaji Maharaj’s time, barter system was common (exchange of goods without money).
- Later, people started using coins for buying and selling.
- Today, cash, credit cards, and digital payments are widely used.
6. Entertainment and Festivals
(a) Entertainment in Shivaji’s Time
- People enjoyed Tamasha, Kirtans, and Wrestling.
- Storytelling and folk songs were popular forms of entertainment.
(b) Modern Entertainment
- Today, people watch movies, TV, and use the internet for entertainment.
- Sports, music concerts, and social media are also popular today.
7. Changes in Writing and Communication
| Time Period | Writing System Used |
|---|---|
| Shivaji’s Era | Modi script |
| Today | Devanagari script (Marathi) |
- Earlier, letters were written on palm leaves and paper.
- Today, people use mobile phones, email, and social media to communicate.
8. Social Changes and Problems
- Some old customs like caste discrimination, child marriage, and dowry still exist.
- Education and strict laws have helped reduce these problems.
- People are more aware of equality and social justice today.
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