History Notes Chapter 2 India before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Class 7 Maharashtra Board

Notes For All Chapters – History Class 7
1. The Bahamani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms

• The Vijayanagar Kingdom was founded in 1336 CE by Harihar and Bukka.
• The Bahamani Kingdom was founded in 1347 CE by Hasan Gangu.
• These two kingdoms fought many battles for power in South India.

2. Important Rulers and Their Achievements

1. Krishnadevaraya (Vijayanagar Kingdom)

• Greatest ruler of Vijayanagar (ruled from 1509-1529 CE).
• Encouraged art, literature, and temple construction.
• Defeated enemies and expanded the Vijayanagar empire.

2. Mahmud Gawan (Bahamani Kingdom)

• Prime Minister of the Bahamani kingdom.
• Introduced military and land revenue reforms.
• Built a famous Madarsa (Islamic school) in Bidar.

3. Rajputs and Their Battles

Rana Sanga (Ruler of Mewar)

• Fought against Babur in the Battle of Khanwa (1527 CE).
• Lost due to Babur’s strong army and advanced weapons.

Maharana Pratap (Ruler of Mewar)

• Fought against Akbar in the Battle of Haldighati (1576 CE).
• Never surrendered to the Mughals.
• Remembered for his bravery and patriotism.

4. Mughal Rule and Religious Resistance

Guru Tegh Bahadur

• Ninth Sikh Guru.
• Opposed Aurangzeb’s religious policies.
• Imprisoned and executed for protecting religious freedom.

Rajput Resistance

• Many Rajputs fought against the Mughals to protect their kingdoms.
• Some Rajputs, like Raja Man Singh, supported the Mughals.

5. Fall of the Bahamani Kingdom

• Internal conflicts and fights among nobles weakened the Bahamani Kingdom.
• By the 16th century, the Bahamani kingdom broke into five smaller states:

1. Bijapur
2. Ahmadnagar
3. Golconda
4. Bidar
5. Berar