History Question Answers Chapter 2 Europe and India Class 8 Maharashtra Board

Question Answers For All Chapters – History Class 8

Exercise

1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options:

1. In 1453, the city of (b) Constantinople was conquered by Ottoman Turks.

2. The Industrial Revolution began in (a) England.

3. (b) Mir Kasim tried to put restrictions on the illegal trade of British.

2. Explain the following concepts:

1. Colonialism:

Colonialism means a powerful country occupying another country and exploiting its resources by making it a colony. The dominant country establishes political and economic control over the weaker region.

2. Imperialism:

Imperialism refers to a system where a strong country controls and dominates other countries by establishing its authority and creating colonies for its benefit.

3. Age of Renaissance:

The Age of Renaissance (13th to 16th century) was a period of cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival in Europe. It marked the transition from medieval to modern times, encouraging humanism and scientific discoveries.

4. Capitalism:

Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals own and control businesses and trade for profit. It grew in Europe after new trade routes were discovered, leading to the rise of wealthy trading companies.

3. Explain the following statements with reasons:

1. Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated in the Battle of Plassey:

Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated because Robert Clive of the British East India Company bribed Mir Jafar, the commander of Siraj’s army. Mir Jafar’s betrayal led to the British victory in 1757, establishing their dominance in Bengal.

2. The European countries felt the necessity of finding new trade routes to Asia:

After the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453, they blocked the overland trade routes between Europe and Asia. This forced European countries to find new sea routes to continue trade with Asian countries.

3. European rulers started giving military protection and trade concessions to the trading companies:

Trade with Eastern countries was highly profitable. To protect their interests and ensure continuous trade, European rulers provided military support and special privileges to their trading companies.

4. Complete the following table: