Geography Notes Chapter 10 Urbanisation Class 9 Maharashtra Board

1. What is Urbanisation?

• Urbanisation means when rural areas (villages) grow into urban areas (towns or cities).
• It happens when more people move in, and things like buildings, roads, and jobs increase.

Example: A small village with fields can become a busy town if a factory starts nearby.

2. Story of Tatya and Suresh (Dialogue)

Who: Tatya (a farmer) and his son Suresh talk about their village.

Suresh’s Plan: He wants to work in a factory instead of farming.

• Why? To earn a monthly salary, extra money for overtime, and a Diwali bonus.

Tatya’s Worry: Who will take care of their fields if Suresh leaves farming?

Suresh’s Vision: The village will grow because of the factory.

• Changes he expects: New roads, hospitals, schools, colleges, offices, and tall buildings. People from outside will move in, and the village will spread.

Other Possible Changes: More shops, buses, and markets might come too.

3. How Urbanisation Happens

Past: Villages depended on farming for a long time.

Now: Industries like factories, mills, or power plants start in rural areas.

What Happens:

• People come for jobs, so the population grows.
• New services like shops, hospitals, and transport start.
• The village gets bigger and changes into a town or city.

Government Role:

• A Gram Panchayat (village council) turns into a Municipal Council or Corporation.
• They provide water, roads, lights, and sewage systems.

Extra Facilities: Parks, tourist spots, and planning make the area urban.

4. What Makes a Place “Urban”? (Census of India, 1961)

• More than 75% of working men have non-farming jobs (e.g., factory or office work).
• Population is more than 5,000 people.
• Density is over 400 people per square kilometer (crowded area).

5. Urban Population Growth in India (1961-2011)

Key Points:

• Urban population grew slowly (5.5%) from 1961 to 1981.
• It grew fast (13.73%) from 1981 to 2011.
• More people live in cities now, and urban places have increased a lot!

6. Reasons for Urbanisation

Industrialisation

• Factories create jobs, attracting people to move in.
• Example: Mumbai grew because of textile mills, turning fishing villages into a big city.

Trade

• Good spots for buying and selling goods help towns grow.
• Example: Nagpur became urban because it’s great for trade in central India.

Mechanisation and Technology

• Machines (like tractors) do farm work, so fewer people farm. They go to cities for jobs.
• Example: Farmers leave villages when machines take over.

Transport and Communication

• Roads, railways, and phones connect places, making villages grow.
• Example: Konkan Railway helped villages like Savarde (Ratnagiri) become urban.

Migration

• People move to cities for better jobs or life.
• Example: Mumbai and Pune get people from all over India.

7. Effects of Urbanisation

Good Effects (Advantages):

1. Social Harmony
   • People from different places live together, sharing cultures.
   • Example: Cities celebrate many festivals from different regions.
2. Modernisation
   • Cities get new technology and ideas first.
   • Example: Fast internet and smart gadgets come to urban areas.
3. Amenities and Facilities
   • Better roads, schools, hospitals, and transport develop.
   • Example: Pune is known for good schools and medical care.

Bad Effects (Problems):

1. Slums
   • Too many people, not enough houses, so poor people build illegal homes.
   • Example: Mumbai slums have no water or toilets.
2. Traffic Jams
   • Too many cars and weak buses cause long delays.
   • Example: Bangalore roads get stuck during rush hour.
3. Pollution
   • Air, water, and noise get dirty from cars, factories, and waste.
   • Example: Delhi has smoky air and polluted rivers.
4. Crime
   • Jobless people may steal or fight, increasing crime.
   • Example: Thefts rise in busy city markets.
5. Other Issues
   • Land becomes costly, and fights between groups can happen.

8. Smart City Scheme

What is it?: A plan to use technology (like computers) to improve cities.

Goals:

• Better transport and communication.
• Quick help during emergencies.

Example: Smart traffic lights to stop jams.