Question Answers For All Chapters – Political Science Class 9
Exercise
(1) Choose the correct option and complete the statements:
1. A system of independent and sovereign states – (b) International system
2. The main responsibility of the United Nations – (a) to avoid war
3. The Cold War ended with this event – (b) Disintegration of the Soviet Russia
(2) State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons.
1. The League of Nations was established after the First World War.
True – The League of Nations was formed in 1920 after World War I to maintain world peace.
2. The world became unipolar due to the Cold War.
False – The world became unipolar after the end of the Cold War because only the USA remained a superpower.
3. The policies of Mikhail Gorbachev gave an impetus to democratisation.
True – Gorbachev introduced reforms like Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (economic restructuring), which encouraged democracy in the USSR.
(C) Explain the following concepts:
- Cold War – A period of tension between the USA and USSR without direct war, involving military and economic rivalry.
- Non-alignment – A policy where a country stays neutral and does not join military alliances like NATO or the Soviet Bloc.
- Interdependence – Countries depending on each other for trade, resources, and technology in a globalised world.
- Bipolarisation – The world being divided into two power blocs: the USA-led capitalist bloc and the USSR-led communist bloc.
- Globalisation – Increased global connections in trade, culture, and technology, making the world more interconnected.
(D) Write brief answers:
1. Compare the First World War and the Second World War and the Second World War with the help of the following points :
| Points | First World War | Second World War |
|---|---|---|
| Period | 1914-1918 | 1939-1945 |
| Involved Nations | Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary | USA, USSR, Germany, Britain, Japan, Italy |
| Impacts | Economic crisis, political instability | Creation of UN, start of Cold War, use of nuclear weapons |
| International Organisations | League of Nations | United Nations |
2. Factors responsible for the end of the Cold War:
- The Cold War ended due to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and its weak economy. Gorbachev’s policies, Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring), led to freedom movements. Many Soviet-controlled countries became independent, and communism lost its power.
3. Major changes in global politics after the Cold War:
- After the Cold War, the world became unipolar, with the USA as the only superpower. Many communist countries adopted democracy and capitalism, leading to economic growth. Globalisation increased, and new challenges like terrorism and regional conflicts emerged.
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