Science and Technology Class 9 Important Questions Chapter 6 Maharashtra Board

Classification of Plants

Short Questions

1. What is the Kingdom Plantae?

• Kingdom Plantae is the group of autotrophic organisms with eukaryotic cells and cell walls.

2. What makes plants autotrophic?

• Plants are autotrophic because they can make their own food through photosynthesis using chlorophyll.

3. What is the first criterion for classifying plants?

• The presence or absence of organs like roots, stems, and leaves is the first criterion.

4. What are cryptogams?

• Cryptogams are plants that reproduce using spores and have hidden reproductive organs.

5. Name one example of a Thallophyta plant.

• Spirogyra is an example of a Thallophyta plant.

6. What type of body do Thallophyta plants have?

• Thallophyta plants have a soft, fibre-like body.

7. Why are Bryophyta plants called amphibians of the plant kingdom?

• Bryophyta plants are called amphibians because they grow in moist soil but need water for reproduction.

8. Name one Bryophyta plant.

• Funaria (moss) is an example of a Bryophyta plant.

9. What kind of structure do Bryophyta plants have?

• Bryophyta plants have a flat, ribbon-like structure with rhizoids instead of true roots.

10. What is a key feature of Pteridophyta plants?

• Pteridophyta plants have well-developed roots, stems, leaves, and a conducting system.

11. Give an example of a Pteridophyta plant.

• Fern (Nephrolepis) is an example of a Pteridophyta plant.

12. How do Pteridophyta plants reproduce asexually?

• Pteridophyta plants reproduce asexually by forming spores on the back of their leaves.

13. What are phanerogams?

• Phanerogams are plants that produce seeds for reproduction.

14. What are gymnosperms?

• Gymnosperms are phanerogams with seeds not enclosed in fruits.

15. Give an example of a gymnosperm plant.

• Cycas is an example of a gymnosperm plant.

16. What are angiosperms?

• Angiosperms are phanerogams with seeds enclosed in fruits.

17. What are monocotyledonous plants?

• Monocotyledonous plants have seeds with one cotyledon, like maize.

18. What are dicotyledonous plants?

• Dicotyledonous plants have seeds with two cotyledons, like beans.

19. Who classified Kingdom Plantae into two subkingdoms?

• Eichler, a botanist, classified Kingdom Plantae into two subkingdoms in 1883.

20. What is a key difference between monocots and dicots?

• Monocots have one cotyledon in their seeds, while dicots have two cotyledons.

Long Questions

1. What are the main criteria used for classifying plants?

• Plants are classified based on the presence or absence of organs like roots and stems, and whether they have conducting tissues. They are also grouped by whether they produce seeds, if the seeds are enclosed in fruits, and the number of cotyledons in the seeds.

2. How do Thallophyta plants differ from other plant groups?

• Thallophyta plants, like Spirogyra, lack specific parts such as roots, stems, or leaves but are autotrophic due to chlorophyll. Unlike other groups, they have a soft, fibre-like body and often grow in water, including both fresh and saline environments.

3. Why are Bryophyta plants called the amphibians of the plant kingdom?

• Bryophyta plants, like Funaria, are called amphibians because they grow on moist soil but need water to reproduce. They cannot survive without water for their spore-based reproduction, similar to how amphibians need water for part of their life cycle.

4. What are the key features of Pteridophyta plants?

• Pteridophyta plants, such as ferns, have well-developed roots, stems, leaves, and tissues to conduct food and water. They reproduce using spores on their leaves and do not produce flowers or fruits, unlike higher plant groups.

5. How are cryptogams different from phanerogams?

• Cryptogams, like Spirogyra and ferns, reproduce using spores and have hidden reproductive organs, without forming seeds. Phanerogams, like gymnosperms and angiosperms, produce seeds and have visible reproductive structures like flowers or cones.

6. What are the characteristics of gymnosperms?

• Gymnosperms, such as Cycas, are evergreen, woody plants with unbranched stems and a crown of leaves. They bear seeds that are not enclosed in fruits, and their male and female flowers grow on the same plant.

7. How do angiosperms differ from gymnosperms?

• Angiosperms, like mango, have seeds enclosed in fruits, which develop from flowers after reproduction. Gymnosperms, like Pinus, have naked seeds not covered by fruits, and they do not produce flowers.

8. What is the difference between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants?

• Monocotyledonous plants, like maize, have seeds with one cotyledon, which cannot be split into two equal halves. Dicotyledonous plants, like beans, have seeds with two cotyledons, which can be divided into two equal parts.

9. Why are chloroplasts important in plant cells?

• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which helps plants perform photosynthesis to make their own food using sunlight. This makes plants autotrophic and different from animal cells, which lack chloroplasts.

10. What did Eichler contribute to plant classification?

• Eichler, a botanist in 1883, divided the Kingdom Plantae into two subkingdoms: cryptogams and phanerogams. This classification helped organize plants based on their reproductive structures, making it easier to study their diversity.