Notes Chapter 2.4 “An Epitome of Courage” Class 10 English Maharashtra Board

Notes For All Chapters – English Class 10

Introduction

• The chapter highlights the life and achievements of Dr. Stephen Hawking, a legendary scientist.
• It emphasizes his resilience and determination in overcoming physical challenges caused by a rare disease.
• Dr. Hawking’s life serves as an inspiration, showing how courage and persistence can lead to greatness.

Early Life

• Birth: Born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England.
• Childhood: An average child with a love for music and mathematics.
• His father wanted him to study medicine, but Stephen was determined to pursue mathematics and physics.

Education and Career

• University: Enrolled at the University of Oxford to study physics, as mathematics was not offered.
• His fascination with cosmology led to groundbreaking research on black holes and the Big Bang theory.
• Developed the concept of Lie Algebra to explain the origin of the universe.

Disease Diagnosis

• At age 17, Stephen experienced unusual clumsiness and frequent falls.
• Diagnosed with ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), a rare disease that weakens muscles and affects the nervous system.
• Prognosis was grim, with doctors uncertain about his survival duration.

Life with ALS

• Despite his diagnosis, Stephen chose to focus on his work and live life to the fullest.
• He became fully dependent on a wheelchair and could only communicate using a computer.
• The disease did not deter his spirit; instead, it fueled his creativity and determination.

Major Achievements

• Ph.D.: Earned his doctorate by researching black holes.
• Published the book “A Brief History of Time”, which simplified complex scientific ideas for the general public.
• Awarded numerous honors, including being a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.

Personal Traits

• Known for his humility, wit, and sense of humor.
• Believed in living life with positivity and not regretting the things he couldn’t do.
• An embodiment of courage, optimism, and the power of the human mind.

Key Messages

1. Courage Over Circumstances: Dr. Hawking’s life proves that physical limitations cannot hinder the power of determination and intellect.
2. Inspiration for All: His achievements encourage people to overcome challenges and aim for greatness.
3. Legacy: Dr. Hawking’s contributions to science and humanity will continue to inspire generations.

Important Quotes

• “Not very different from the rest. I try and lead as normal a life as possible.”
• “Science will discover the core secrets of the universe in the next millennium.”

Key Vocabulary

• Epitome: A perfect example.
• Cosmology: Study of the origin and development of the universe.
• Prognosis: A forecast of a medical condition.
• Lie Algebra: A mathematical concept invented by Dr. Hawking to explain the Big Bang.

Conclusion

• Dr. Stephen Hawking’s life story is a testament to the strength of the human spirit.
• His courage, intellect, and positive attitude make him an inspiring figure for all.
• The chapter teaches the importance of resilience, optimism, and the pursuit of knowledge despite adversity.