♦ Biosphere : Part of the earth which is covered by living organisms both plants and animals. ♦ Ecosystem : An integrated unit consisting of the community of living organisms and the physical environment. ♦ Flora : Plants of a particular region or period are referred to as flora. ♦ Fauna : Species of animals are known as fauna. […]
CBSE Class 10 Sample Papers, Syllabus, Test Papers & NCERT Solutions
Resource and Development Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes
‘Resource’: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a ‘Resource’. Examples: minerals, forests, fossil fuels etc. Classification of Resources: (a) On the basis of origin: Biotic and Abiotic. […]
Civics Notes for Class 10 – All Chapters
Chapter 1 Power Sharing Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity Class 10 Notes Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Notes Chapter 6 Political Parties Class 10 Notes Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy Class 10 Notes Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy Class 10 Notes
Challenges to Democracy Class 10 Civics Chapter 8 Notes
Challenge: A challenge is a difficulty that carries within it an opportunity for progress. The challenges faced by democracy are: Foundation challenge; Challenge of expansion; Challenge of deepening of democracy. Political reform: All the suggestions or proposals about overcoming various challenges to democracy are called democratic reforms or political reforms Challenges faced by countries which […]
Outcomes of Democracy Class 10 Civics Chapter 7 Notes
Democracy produces an accountable, responsive and legitimate government: A democracy is concerned with ensuring that people have the right to choose their rulers and have control over the rulers. When possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision-making in a democracy. Democracy ensures that decision-making is based on norms and procedures. A […]
Political Parties Class 10 Civics Chapter 6 Notes
A party that secures atleast 6 per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly Elections in four States and wins atleast four seats in the Lok Sabha, is recognised as a ‘National party’. A party, that secures atleast 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative […]
Gender, Religion and Caste Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 Notes
Feminist: A woman or a man, who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men, is called a feminist. Feminist Movements are radical women’s movements aiming at attaining equality for women in personal and family life and public affairs. These movements have organized and agitated to raise channels for enhancing the political and legal […]
Democracy and Diversity Class 10 Civics Chapter 3 Notes
Homogeneous Society: A society that has similar kinds of people, especially where there are no significant ethnic differences, for example, Germany and Sweden. ‘Migrant’: Anybody who shifts from one region or country to another region within a country or to another country, usually for work or other opportunities, is called migrant. Civil Rights Movement: Led […]
Federalism Class 10 Civics Chapter 2 Notes
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. This vertical division of power among different levels of governments is referred to as federalism. Federalism is one of the major forms of power-sharing in modem democracies. Key features of federalism are: Two […]
Power Sharing Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Notes
‘Ethnic’: Ethnic means a social division based on shared culture and common descent. People belonging to an ethnic group need not have the same religion or nationality. Majoritarianism: A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority […]
History Notes for Class 10 – All Chapters
Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Class 10 Notes Chapter 3 Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes Chapter 4 The Making of Global World Class 10 Notes Chapter 5 The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 Notes Chapter 6 Work, Life and Leisure Class 10 Notes Chapter 7 Print Culture and […]
Novels, Society and History Class 10 History Chapter 8 Notes
The Rise of the Novel: Novel is a modem form of literature. It is born because of print which is a mechanical invention. Novels could reach a larger audience because of print. Novels began to be written from the 17th century and flowered in the 18th century. New groups of lower-middle-class; along with the traditional […]
Print Culture and Modern World Class 10 History Chapter 7 Notes
Printing in the early days: Invention of Printing Press had a very lasting effect on the social and cultural life of man. Print initially developed in East Asia and later developed through Europe and India. Before the era of print or invention of Printing Press, writing of books was purely manual affair. Books were handwritten […]
Work, Life and Leisure Class 10 History Chapter 6 Notes
Role of industrialization in shaping of the modem cities in England: The early industrial cities of Britain such as Leeds and Manchester attracted large numbers of migrants to the textile mills set up in the eighteenth century. During the 18th and 19th centuries, London became a center for international trade and commerce and attracted a […]
The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 History Chapter 5 Notes
Key Concepts: An association of craftsmen or merchants following same craft to protect the members interest and supervise the standard of the work. Tanning. Convert raw hide into leather by soaking in liquid containing tannic acid. Food processing. Technique of chopping and mixing food for making jam, juices, etc. Victorian Britain. Britain during the reign of Queen […]
The Making of Global World Class 10 History Chapter 4 Notes
Trade: The activity of buying selling or exchanging goods or services between people firms or countries. Global inter contentedness: As early as 3000 BCE (Before the Christian Era), an active coastal trade linked the Indus Valley civilization with present day West Asia. Thus, trade, migration of people, movement of capital, goods, ideas, inventions and many […]
Nationalism in India Class 10 History Chapter 3 Notes
Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of Satyagraha: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 from South Africa. Gandhiji’s novel method of mass agitation is know as ‘Satyagraha’. Satyagraha emphasized truth. Gandhiji believed that if the cause is true, if the struggle is against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. A […]
The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Class 10 History Chapter 2 Notes
INDO-CHINA: Comprises of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia — French colony. Views of Paul Bernard: Paul Bernard was an influential writer and policy-maker who strongly believed that the purpose of acquiring colonies was to make profits. According to him, the development of economy will raise the standard of people and people would buy more goods. The […]