CBSE Class 10 Solutions, MCQ, Notes, Sample Papers & Syllabus

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Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Our Environment

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Ecosystem – What are its Components? Definition of Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a system where all organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms, humans) interact with the physical surroundings. It maintains a balance in nature. It includes: Biotic components (living): plants, animals, microbes. Abiotic components (non-living): temperature, rainfall, soil, […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Sources of Energy

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 Acids: Indicators, General characteristics, Properties of acids, Chemical nature of acids. Sources of Energy: A source of energy is that which is capable of providing enough useful energy at a steady rate over a long period of time. A Good source of energy should be : Safe and convenient to […]

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Notes Chapter 12 Class 10 Science

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Electric current produces various effects — heating, chemical, and magnetic effects. A current-carrying conductor behaves like a magnet. Hans Christian Oersted (1777–1851): Discovered in 1820 that a compass needle deflects when a current passes through a nearby conductor. Proved that electricity and magnetism are related. […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Electricity

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction to Electricity Electricity is a controllable and convenient form of energy used in homes, schools, hospitals, industries, etc. It is essential for lighting, heating, operating machines, communication, and numerous modern applications. This chapter deals with: Electric current and circuits Potential difference Resistance and Ohm’s Law […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Human Eye and Colourful World

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. The Human Eye – Structure and Function The human eye is a vital and sensitive sense organ that enables us to see the world and its colours. It functions like a camera, forming an image on a light-sensitive screen called the retina. Light Path through the […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Light Reflection and Refraction

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction to Light Light makes objects visible; in darkness, objects are invisible. Light enables us to see by reflection (object reflects light to eyes) and transmission (through transparent media). Common phenomena related to light: Image formation in mirrors Twinkling of stars Rainbow colours Bending of light […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Basic Concept of Heredity Heredity = Transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Reproduction produces new individuals that: Look similar to parents. Show some differences/variations. Variation = Small changes in DNA or traits that make organisms different. Importance of heredity: Maintains species characteristics. Produces variations → […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 7 How do Organisms Reproduce

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Reproduction is not essential for the survival of an individual (unlike nutrition, respiration, excretion). It ensures the continuation of species. Organisms reproduce to create new individuals of the same kind. Key Point: Reproduction is linked with the transfer of DNA (genetic information). 2. Do Organisms […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Control and Coordination

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Living organisms show movements as a response to changes in the environment. Movements can be: Growth-based (e.g., seed germination) Non-growth-based (e.g., cat running, humans reacting to stimuli) Controlled movement ensures appropriate response to specific environmental changes. Control and coordination in organisms are essential for: Receiving […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Life Process

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Living organisms show movement, growth, and molecular activity. Maintenance of life requires continuous molecular movements. These include processes like nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. 2. What Are Life Processes? Life processes: Basic functions essential to maintain life. Even when at rest, organisms perform life processes […]

Periodic Classification of Elements Notes Chapter 5 Class 10 Science

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 “The periodic table is a tabular method of displaying the elements in such a way, that the elements having similar properties occur in the same vertical column or group”. Earlier attempts of the classification of elements: Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s law of octaves. Dobereiner’s Triads: This classification is based on […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Carbon is one of the most important elements in our daily life. Found in food, clothing, medicines, fuels, books, living organisms. Abundance in nature: Earth’s crust → 0.02% (carbonates, hydrogen-carbonates, coal, petroleum). Atmosphere → 0.03% (CO₂). Despite small amount, it forms millions of compounds. Reason […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Classification of Elements Elements are broadly classified into metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. Metals: e.g. Iron, Copper, Aluminium, Sodium, Zinc, Gold, Silver. Non-Metals: e.g. Carbon, Sulphur, Iodine, Oxygen, Hydrogen, etc. 2. Physical Properties Metals Lustre – Shiny surface (metallic lustre). Malleability […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids Bases and Salts

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Substances taste sour due to acids and bitter due to bases. Acids and bases neutralise each other’s effects. Indicators are used to identify acids and bases. Natural indicators: Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage, Hydrangea, Petunia, Geranium. Synthetic indicators: Phenolphthalein, methyl orange. Olfactory indicators: Substances that change […]

Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction In daily life we see many changes: Milk turns sour in summer. Iron objects rust in moist air. Grapes ferment to form alcohol. Cooking and digestion of food. Respiration in our body. In all these, the nature and identity of substances change. These are chemical […]

Notes Class 10 Maths CBSE PDF Dwonload

Chapter 1 Real Numbers Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Polynomials Class 10 Notes Chapter 3 Pair of Linear equations in Two Variables Class 10 Notes Chapter 4 Quadratic Equations Class 10 Notes Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions Class 10 Notes Chapter 6 Triangles Class 10 Notes Chapter 7 Coordinate Geometry Class 10 Notes Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry Class 10 Notes Chapter 9 Some Applications of Trigonometry […]

Notes Class 10 Maths Chapter 10 Circles

Notes For All Chapters Maths Class 10 CBSE Circle: A circle is a collection of all points in a plane which are at a constant distance from a fixed point. Centre: The fixed point is called the centre. Radius: The constant distance from the centre is called the radius. Chord: A line segment joining any two points on a […]

Class 10 Maths Formulas All Chapter PDF Download CBSE

Chapter 1  Real Numbers Formulas Chapter 2  Polynomials Formulas Chapter 3  Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Formulas Chapter 4  Quadratic Equations Formulas Chapter 5  Arithmetic Progressions Formulas Chapter 6  Triangles Formulas Chapter 7  Coordinate Geometry Formulas Chapter 8  Introduction to Trigonometry Formulas Chapter 10  Circles Formulas Chapter 11 Areas Related to Circles Formulas […]

CBSE Class 10 Maths Real Numbers Formulas

S. No Type of Numbers Description 1 Natural Numbers N = {1,2,3,4,5  > It is the counting numbers 2 Whole number W= {0,1,2,3,4,5> It is the counting numbers + zero 3 Integers All whole numbers including Negative number + Positive number  ……-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5… so on. Like whole numbers, integers don’t include fractions or decimals. 4 Positive integers Z+ = […]