Main Menu
  • School
    • Close
    • CBSE English Medium
    • CBSE Hindi Medium
    • UP Board
    • Bihar Board
    • Maharashtra Board
    • MP Board
    • Close
  • English
    • Close
    • English Grammar for School
    • Basic English Grammar
    • Basic English Speaking
    • English Vocabulary
    • English Idioms & Phrases
    • Personality Enhancement
    • Interview Skills
    • Close
  • Sarkari Exam Prep
    • Close
    • All Govt Exams Preparation
    • MCQs for Competitive Exams
    • Notes For Competitive Exams
    • NCERT Syllabus for Competitive Exam
    • Close
  • Study Abroad
    • Close
    • Study in Australia
    • Study in Canada
    • Study in UK
    • Study in Germany
    • Study in USA
    • Close
Class 10th Science || Menu
  • MCQ Science Class 10
  • Notes Science Class 10
  • Important Questions Science Class 10
  • Previous Year Papers Science Class 10
  • Sample Papers Science Class 10
  • Question Answer Science Class 10
  • Book Science Class 10
  • Marking Scheme Science Class 10
  • Syllabus Science Class 10
  • Chemical Reactions and Equations
    • Chemical Reactions
    • Chemical Equations
    • Combination and Decomposition Reaction
    • Types of Displacement Reactions
    • Redox Reactions
    • Close
  • Acids, Bases and Salts
    • Introduction to Acids and Bases
    • Properties of Acids and Bases
    • Ph Scale and Its Importance
    • Important Chemical Compounds
    • Close
  • Metals and Non-metals
    • Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
    • Chemical Properties of Metals
    • Metals in Nature
    • Metallurgy
    • Electrovalent Bonding of Metals
    • Close
  • Carbon and its Compounds
    • Covalent Bonding of Non-Metals
    • Introduction to Hydrocarbons
    • Properties of Hydrocarbons
    • Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
    • Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
    • Close
  • Periodic Classification of Elements
    • Classification – Early Attempts
    • Modern Periodic Table of Elements
    • Close
  • Life Processes
    • Nutrition in Plants
    • Nutrition in Animals
    • Introduction to Respiration
    • Respiration in Humans
    • Excretion
    • Transportation in Plants
    • Transportation in Human
    • Circulatory System in Humans
    • Close
  • Control and Coordination
    • Central Nervous System in Humans
    • Nervous and Muscular Coordination
    • Chemical Coordination in Plants
    • Chemical Coordination in Animals
    • Close
  • How do Organisms Reproduce?
    • Reproduction and Its Kinds
    • Modes of Asexual Reproduction
    • Sexual Reproduction in Plants
    • Reproductive System in Humans
    • Sexual Reproduction in Humans
    • Close
  • Heredity and Evolution
    • Heredity and Variation
    • Evolution and Evidences of Evolution
    • Mechanism of Evolution
    • Evolution and Classification
    • Close
  • Light – Reflection and Refraction
    • Reflection of Light
    • Spherical Lens and Its Power
    • Lens Formulae
    • Refraction Through Spherical Lens
    • Refraction Through Glass
    • Refraction of Light
    • Mirror Formulae
    • Spherical Mirrors
    • Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
    • Close
  • The Human Eye and the Colourful World
    • Human Eye
    • Dispersion of Light
    • Scattering of Light
    • Atmospheric Refraction
    • Defects of Vision
    • Close
  • Electricity
    • Ohm’s Law
    • Current and Voltage
    • Heating Effect of Electric Current
    • Resistors in Series and Parallel
    • Close
  • Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
    • Magnetic Field
    • Magnetic Force
    • Electromagnetic Induction
    • Close
  • Sources of Energy
    • Conventional Sources of Energy
    • Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
    • Close
  • Science Class 10

Science Class 10 Chapter 5 Question Answer

Advertisement

Periodic Classification of Elements

Solutions For All Chapters Science 10

NCERT TEXTBOOK Solutions for Class 10 Science

Question 1
Which of the following statements is not a correct statement about the trends wlien going from left to right across the periods of Periodic Table.

(a) The elements become less metallic in nature.

(b) The number of valence electrons increases.

(c) The atoms lose their electrons more easily.

(d) The oxides become more acidic.

Answer:

(c) The atoms lose their .electrons more easily.

Question 2
Element X forms a chloride with the formula XCl2, which is solid with a high melting point. X would most likely to be in the same group of the periodic table as

(a) Na

(b) Mg

(c) Al

(d) Si

Answer:

(b) Mg

Question 3
Which element has
(a) two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons ?
(b) the electronic configuration 2, 8, 2 ?
(c) a total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell ?
(d) a total of two shells with three electrons in its valence shell. v
(e) twice as many electrons in its second shell as in its first shell ?

Answer:

(a) Neon (2, 8)
(b) Magnesium
(c) Silicon (2, 8, 4)
(d) Boron (2, 3)
(e) Carbon (2, 4)

Question 4
(a) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as boron have in common ?
(b) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table . as fluorine have in common ?

Answer:
(a) Elements in the same column or group as boron have valency of three and have three valence electrons.
(b) Elements in the same column or group as fluorine form acidic oxides and have seven electrons in their outermost shells and have valency of one.

Question 5
An atom has electronic configuration 2, 8, 7.
(a) What is the atomic number of this element ?
(b) To which of the following elements would it be chemically similar ?

(Atomic numbers are given in parentheses.)
N (7), F (9), P (15), Ar (18)

Answer:
(a) The atomic number of the given element is 2 + 8 + 7(= 17).
(b) It would be chemically similar to fluorine [F(9)] because its electronic configuration is 2, 7.

Question 6
The positions of three elements A, B and C in the periodic table are shown below :
(a) State whether A is a metal or non-metal.

Group 16Group 17
––
–A
––
BC

(b) State whether C is more reactive or less reactive than A.
(c) Will C be larger or smaller in size than B ?
(d) Which type of ion, cation or anion, will be formed by element A ?

Answer:

(a) Since the valency of group 17 elements is 1 and all these elements accept electrons, thus A is a non-metal.

(b) C is less reactive than A because as we move down in a group, the reactivity of non-metals increases.

(c) C is smaller in size than B because B and C both are related to the same period and the size decreases as one moves from left to right in a period.

(d) A will form anion because it is a non-metal.

Question 7
Nitrogen (atomic number 7) and phosphorus (atomic number 15) belong to group 15 of the periodic table. Write the electronic configuration of these two elements. Which of these will be more electronegative ? Why ?

Answer:
Electronic configuration of nitrogen -2,5
Electronic configuration of phosphorus = 2, 8, 5
Nitrogen will be more electronegative because outermost shell is nearer to nucleus and therefore nucleus will attract electrons more strongly. In a group of the periodic table, electron attracting tendency decreases as we move from top to bottom.

Question 8
How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the Modern Periodic Table ?

Answer:
Modern periodic table is based on the atomic number and atomic number is directly related to the electronic configuration. One can find the group number and period number of an element on the basis of electronic configuration. For example, if an element has 1 or 2 electrons in its outermost shell, then it would belong to group 1 or group 2. And if it has 3 or more electrons in its outermost shell, then it would belong to group 10 4- the number of electrons in the outermost shell.

All the alkali metals have one electron in their outermost shell, so they are placed in group 1. Thus, all the group 2 elements have 2 electrons in their outermost shell. In group 15 elements, there are 5 electrons in their outermost shell. Similarly, the number of shells in an element indicates its period number. For example, the atomic number of magnesium is 12 and its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 2. Thus it is an element of 3rd period.

Question 9
In the Modern Periodic Table, calcium (atomic number 20) is surrounded by elements with atomic number 12, 19, 21 and 38. Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling calcium ?

Answer:
The electronic configuration of elements with :
Atomic number 12 = 2, 8, 2
Atomic number 19 = 2, 8, 8, 1
Atomic number 20 = 2, 8, 8, 2
Atomic number 21 = 2, 8, 9, 2
Atomic number 38 = 2, 8, 18, 8, 2
Elements with atomic number 12 i.e., magnesium (Mg) and 38 i.e., strontium (Sr) will have similar physical and chemical properties as element with atomic numbers 20 i.e., calcium (Ca).

Question 10
Compare and contrast the arrangement of elements in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table and the Modern Periodic Table.

Answer:

Mendeleev’s Periodic TableModern Periodic Table
(i) Elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic mass.(i) Elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic number.
(ii) There are nine vertical columns called groups.(ii) There are eighteen vertical columns called groups.
(iii) There is no place for noble gases.(iii) Noble gases are placed on the right hand side of the table.
(iv) There is no place for isotopes.(iv) Isotope are kept at the same place because their atomic number is same.
(v) Transition elements are placed together in group VIII.(v) Transition elements are placed in the middle of the long period (Group 3 to 12).

NCERT Intext Questions  for Class 10 Science Page Number: 81

Question 1
Did Dobereiner’s triads also exist in the columns of Newlands’ Octaves ? Compare and find out.

Answer:
Yes, Dobereiner’s triads also existed in the columns of Newland’s Octaves.
For example, Li, Na, K.
If we consider lithium (Li) as the first element, then sodium (Na) is eighth element. If we consider sodium as the first element, then potassium is the eighth element.

Question 2
What were the limitations of Dobereiner’s classification ?

Answer:
It failed to arrange all the then known elements in the form of triads of elements having similar chemical properties. Dobereiner could identify only three triads from the elements known that time.

Question 3
What were the limitations of Newlands’ law of octaves ?

Answer:
(i) Newlands law of octaves was applicable to the classification of elements upto calcium only. After calcium every eighth element did not possess the properties similar to that of the first element.

(ii) Newlands assumed that only 56 elements existed in nature and no more elements would be discovered in the future. But later on, several new elements were discovered whose properties did not fit into Newlands’ law of Octaves.

(iii) In order to fit elements into his table, Newlands put even two elements together in one slot and that too in the column of unlike elements having very different properties.
For example, the two elements cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) were put together in just one slot and that too in the column of elements like fluorine, chlorine and bromine which have very different properties from these elements.

(iv) Iron (Fe) element which resemble elements like cobalt and nickel in properties, was placed far away from these elements.

NCERT Intext Questions  for Class 10 Science Page Number: 85

Question 1
Use Mendeleev’s Periodic Table to predict the formulae for the oxides of the following elements : K, C, Al, Si, Ba

Answer:

K2O, CO2, Al2O3, SiO2, BaO.

Question 2
Besides gallium, which other elements have since been discovered that were left by Mendeleev in his periodic table ? (any two)

Answer:

Scandium and Germanium.

Question 3
What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his Periodic Table ?

Answer:
Mendeleev used the relationship between the atomic masses of the elements and their physical and chemical properties. He used similarity in physical properties, similarity in the formation of hydrides and oxides of element.

Question 4
Why do you think the noble gases are placed in a separate group ?

Answer:
Noble gases are chemically inert and are present in atmosphere in extremely low concentrations. Therefore, owing to their similar inert behaviour and similar electronic configuration, they are justified to be placed in a separate group.

NCERT Intext Questions  for Class 10 Science Page Number: 90

Question 1
How could the modern periodic table remove various anomalies of Mendeleev’s periodic Table ?

Answer:
(i) The modern periodic table is based on atomic number, while Mendeleev’s periodic table was based on atomic mass.
(ii) The isotopes of an element have same number of protons (or atomic number). So they are alloted the same position in modern periodic table.
(iii) Cobalt and nickel are placed at 9th and 10th position respectively.
(iv) Hydrogen has been alloted special position, i.e., it is placed at the top of alkali metals in the first group.

Question 2
Name two elements you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. What is the basis for your choice ?

Answer:
Beryllium (Be) and Calcium (Ca).
Both Be (atomic number 4) and Ca (atomic number 20) have similar electronic configuration, i.e. two electrons in outermost shells.
Be 2,2
Ca 2, 8, 8, 2
Both Be and Ca react with oxygen to give basic oxides, BeO and MgO.

Question 3
Name :
(a) three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shells.
(b) two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shells.
(c) three elements with filled outer most shells.

Answer:
(a) Lithium : Atomic number – 3(2, 1); Sodium : Atomic number – 11(2, 8, 1); Potassium : Atomic number – 19(2, 8, 8, 1).

(b) Beryllium : Atomic number – 4(2, 2); Calcium : Atomic number – 20(2, 8, 8, 2)

(c) Helium : Atomic number – 2(2); Neon : Atomic number – 10(2, 8); Argon : Atomic number – 18(2, 8, 8).

Question 4
(a) Lithium, sodium, potassium are all metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen gas. Is there any similarity in the atoms of these elements ?
(b) Helium is an unreactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What, if anything, do their atoms have in common ?

Answer:
(a) Lithium, sodium and potassium all belong to the same group. The atoms of lithium, sodium and potassium all have only one electron in their outermost shells and all of these are metals. All of these react with water to form alkalies.
(b) The atoms of helium and neon have their outermost shells completely filled. Helium has its first shell completely filled, while neon has its first and second shells (K and L) completely filled.

Question 5
In the modern periodic table, which are the metals among the first ten elements ?

Answer:
The first ten elements in modern periodic table are hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon. Out of these, lithium, beryllium and boron are metals, because they have 1, 2 and 3 electrons respectively in their outermost shells.

Question 6
By considering their position in the Periodic Table, which one of the following elements would you expect to have maximum metallic characteristics ?
Ga, Ge, As, Se, Be

Answer:
Beryllium (Be). In the periodic table, the elements placed on the left show maximum metallic characteristics. Since beryllium occupies the most left position in comparison to other elements, hence it shows maximum metallic characteristics.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Advertisement

CBSE Delhi Question Answer of Chapters in PDF

Free Sample Papers and Previous Years' Question Papers for CBSE Exams from the Official CBSE Academic Website (CBSE.nic.in) in Delhi, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

Download CBSE / NCERT Book, Notes & MCQ Online Test / Mock Test

Online Quiz with Answers for Objective Questions in Hindi and English

Advertisement

Maharashtra Board Marathi & English Medium

Just Launched! Access Maharashtra Board Exam MCQs, Previous Year Papers, Textbooks, Solutions, Notes, Important Questions, and Summaries—available in both Marathi and English mediums—all in one place Maharashtra Board

Android APP

सरकारी Exam Preparation

Sarkari Exam Preparation Youtube

CBSE – दिल्ली, उत्तर प्रदेश, मध्य प्रदेश, बिहार, राजस्थान & हरियाणा Board हिंदी माध्यम

कक्षा 6 to 8 हिंदी माध्यम
कक्षा 9 & 10 हिंदी माध्यम
कक्षा 11 हिंदी माध्यम

State Board

यूपी बोर्ड 6,7 & 8
बिहार बोर्ड हिंदी माध्यम

CBSE Board

Mathematics Class 6
Science Class 6
Social Science Class 6
हिन्दी Class 6
सामाजिक विज्ञान कक्षा 6
विज्ञान कक्षा 6

Mathematics Class 7
Science Class 7
SST Class 7
सामाजिक विज्ञान कक्षा 7
हिन्दी Class 7

Mathematics Class 8
Science Class 8
Social Science Class 8
हिन्दी Class 8

Mathematics Class 9
Science Class 9
English Class 9

Mathematics Class 10
SST Class 10
English Class 10

Mathematics Class XI
Chemistry Class XI
Accountancy Class 11

Accountancy Class 12
Mathematics Class 12

Learn English
English Through हिन्दी
Job Interview Skills
English Grammar
हिंदी व्याकरण - Vyakaran
Microsoft Word
Microsoft PowerPoint
Adobe PhotoShop
Adobe Illustrator
Learn German
Learn French
IIT JEE
Privacy Policies, Terms and Conditions, About Us, Contact Us
Copyright © 2025 eVidyarthi and its licensors. All Rights Reserved.