Economics Question & Answers Chapter 2 Class 10 CBSE Board

Sectors of the Indian Economy

LET’S WORK THESE OUT (Page No. 21)

1. Complete the above table to show how sectors are dependent on each other.

Answer:

TABLE 2.1 EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

2. Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors using examples other than those mentioned in the text.

Answer:

3. Classify the following list of occupations under primary, secondary and tertiary sectors:

Answer:

4. Students in a school are often classified into primary and secondary or junior and nsenior. What is the criterion that is used? Do you think this is a useful classification? Discuss.

Answer:

Criterion used:
The classification of students into primary and secondary or junior and senior is based on their age group and level of learning or education.

Usefulness of the classification:
Yes, it is a useful classification because it helps the school to:

• Organise teaching according to the students’ understanding and mental level.
• Prepare suitable syllabuses and learning materials for different age groups.
• Manage school activities and resources effectively.

Conclusion:
Just like the classification of economic activities into sectors, dividing students helps in proper planning, better management, and improved results in education.

LET’S WORK THESE OUT (Page No. 23)

1. What does the history of developed countries indicate about the shifts that have taken place between sectors?

Answer: The history of developed countries shows that initially the primary sector (agriculture) was the most important source of production and employment.
As development took place, the secondary or industrial sector became dominant due to the growth of manufacturing.
Later, with further development, the tertiary or service sector became the largest contributor to income and employment.
Thus, the pattern of growth moved from primary → secondary → tertiary sector.

2. Correct and arrange the important aspects for calculating GDP from this Jumble.

To count goods and services we add the numbers that are produced. We count all those that were produced in the last five years. Since we shouldn’t leave out anything we add up all these goods and services.

Answer:

Correct arrangement:
To calculate GDP, we count the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year.
We do not add up goods produced in the last five years or intermediate goods, because that would lead to double counting.

Correct concept:
→ GDP = Total value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year.

3. Discuss with your teacher how you could calculate the total value of a good or service by using the method of value added at each stage.

Answer: The value added method means adding the value that each producer adds to a good at every stage of production.

For example,

• A farmer grows wheat worth ₹10.
• A miller makes flour from it and sells it for ₹15.
• A baker uses the flour to make bread worth ₹25.

Here, the total value added is:
₹10 (farmer) + ₹5 (miller) + ₹10 (baker) = ₹25 (final value of bread).

Thus, the sum of value added at each stage gives the total value of the final product, which helps in accurate calculation of GDP.

LET’S WORK THESE OUT (Page No. 24)

1. Which was the largest producing sector in 1973-74?

Answer: The Primary sector (Agriculture and related activities) was the largest producing sector in 1973-74.

2. Which is the largest producing sector in 2013-14?

Answer: The Tertiary sector (Service sector) became the largest producing sector in 2013-14.

3. Can you say which sector has grown the most over forty years?

Answer: The Tertiary (Service) sector grew the most between 1973-74 and 2013-14.

4. What was the GDP of India in 2013-14?

Answer: The GDP of India in 2013-14 was about ₹ 55 lakh crore.

LET’S WORK THESE OUT (Page No. 24)

1. Complete the table using the data given in Graphs 2 and 3 and answer the question that follows. Ignore if data are not available for some years.

What are the changes that you observe in the primary sector over a span of forty years?

Answer:

2. Choose the correct answer:

Underemployment occurs when people

(i) do not want to work
(ii) are working in a lazy manner
(iii) are working less than what they are capable of doing
(iv) are not paid for their work

Answer: (iii) are working less than what they are capable of doing.

3. Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that was observed for developed countries. What kind of changes between sectors were desired but did not happen in India?

Answer: In developed countries, the shift from the primary to secondary sector and then to the tertiary sector happened smoothly.
But in India, though the tertiary sector grew the most, the share of employment in agriculture (primary sector) is still very high.

The desired change was that more people should have moved from agriculture to industry and services, but this shift did not happen properly because enough jobs were not created in the secondary and tertiary sectors.

4. Why should we be worried about underemployment?

Answer: We should be worried about underemployment because:

• Many people are working, but not using their full potential.
• Their income is very low, and the country’s total production also remains low.
• It shows that resources like labour are not being used properly.
  If people get better employment opportunities, both their income and the country’s development will improve.

LET’S WORK THESE OUT (Page No. 29)

1. Why do you think MGNREGA 2005 is referred to as ‘ Right to work’ ?

Answer: The MGNREGA 2005 is called the ‘Right to Work’ because it guarantees 100 days of employment in a year to all rural people who are willing to work.
If the government fails to provide employment, it must give unemployment allowance to the people.
This means people have a legal right to get work under this Act.

2. Imagine that you are the village head. In that capacity suggest some activities that you think should be taken up under this Act that would also increase the income of people? Discuss.

Answer: As a village head, I would suggest the following activities:

• Building check dams and canals to improve irrigation.
• Planting trees and creating forests on unused land.
• Constructing rural roads and storage facilities for crops.
• Building ponds and wells for water conservation.

These activities would create jobs for villagers and also help increase farm production and income.

3. How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities?

Answer: If farmers get irrigation facilities, they can grow more than one crop in a year, increasing production and income.
With marketing facilities, they can sell their products easily and at better prices.
This will create more jobs in farming, transport, and trade, and help reduce underemployment.

4. In what ways can employment be increased in urban areas?

Answer: Employment in urban areas can be increased by:

• Encouraging small-scale industries and services.
• Supporting self-employment through bank loans and training.
• Improving infrastructure like transport, housing, and markets.
• Promoting new businesses in areas like IT, education, and health.

LET’S WORK THESE OUT (Page No. 31)

1. Look at the following examples. Which of these are unorganised sector activities?

(i) A teacher taking classes in a school
(ii) A headload worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market
(iii) A farmer irrigating her field
(iv) A doctor in a hospital treating a patient
(v) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor
(vi) A factory worker going to work in a big factory
(vii) A handloom weaver working in her house

Answer: Unorganised sector activities are those where there is no regular job, no fixed working hours, and no job security.

Unorganised sector activities:

(ii) A headload worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market
(iii) A farmer irrigating her field
(v) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor
(vii) A handloom weaver working in her house

2. Talk to someone who has a regular job in the organised sector and another who works in the unorganised sector. Compare and contrast their working conditions in all aspects.

Answer: