Manufacturing Industries
Short Questions
Question: What is manufacturing?
Answer: Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities from raw materials to more valuable products.
Question: Name two agro-based industries.
Answer: Cotton textile and sugar industries are examples of agro-based industries.
Question: Give one example of a mineral-based industry.
Answer: The iron and steel industry is a mineral-based industry.
Question: Which industry is called the backbone of development?
Answer: The manufacturing industry is called the backbone of development.
Question: Name the largest producer of raw jute in the world.
Answer: India is the largest producer of raw jute.
Question: Which state is known as the electronic capital of India?
Answer: Bengaluru is known as the electronic capital of India.
Question: What is the basic raw material for aluminium smelting?
Answer: Bauxite is the basic raw material for aluminium smelting.
Question: Which city is famous for the automobile industry?
Answer: Chennai is one of the major centres for the automobile industry.
Question: Which industry is self-reliant and complete in value chain?
Answer: The textile industry is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.
Question: Which sector does manufacturing belong to?
Answer: Manufacturing belongs to the secondary sector of the economy.
Question: Name two public sector industries.
Answer: SAIL and BHEL are examples of public sector industries.
Question: What is the main pollutant in air pollution caused by industries?
Answer: Sulphur dioxide is a main pollutant in industrial air pollution.
Question: Where was the first cotton textile mill established in India?
Answer: The first cotton textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
Question: Which industry provides the basic raw material for construction?
Answer: The cement industry provides the basic raw material for construction.
Question: Which industry is a major source of foreign exchange for India?
Answer: The textile industry is a major source of foreign exchange for India.
Long Questions
Question: Explain the importance of manufacturing industries in India.
Answer: Manufacturing industries are vital for economic development as they modernise agriculture, reduce dependence on it, provide employment, and promote trade and foreign exchange. Industrial growth helps remove poverty and regional disparities. It is the backbone of India’s economic strength.
Question: How are industries classified on the basis of raw materials?
Answer: Industries are classified as agro-based and mineral-based. Agro-based industries like cotton, jute, sugar and edible oil use agricultural products. Mineral-based industries like iron and steel, cement and aluminium use mineral ores as raw materials.
Question: Describe the factors responsible for the growth of the cotton textile industry in India.
Answer: The cotton textile industry developed due to the availability of raw cotton, skilled labour, markets, transport and port facilities, and a moist climate. Maharashtra and Gujarat were early centres of this industry. Today it provides employment to millions and supports many other industries.
Question: Write about the location and importance of the jute industry in India.
Answer: Most jute mills are located along the Hugli river in West Bengal because of raw jute supply, cheap labour, water transport and port facilities. India is the largest producer of raw jute and second largest exporter. This industry earns foreign exchange and supports millions of workers.
Question: Explain the problems faced by the iron and steel industry in India.
Answer: The iron and steel industry faces problems like high costs of raw materials and energy, outdated machinery and poor infrastructure. Transport bottlenecks and limited domestic demand also create challenges. Despite this, it remains the basic industry supporting all other industries.
Question: Describe the main chemical industries of India.
Answer: The chemical industry includes both organic and inorganic sectors. Inorganic chemicals like sulphuric acid, caustic soda and soda ash are used in fertilizers, textiles and paper. Organic chemicals like petrochemicals produce synthetic rubber, plastics, fibres and pharmaceuticals.
Question: How do industries cause water pollution?
Answer: Industries discharge harmful organic and inorganic wastes into rivers and ponds. Chemicals, dyes, acids, salts, and heavy metals from tanneries, refineries and textile units contaminate water. Hot water from thermal plants also causes thermal pollution affecting aquatic life.
Question: Mention the steps to control environmental degradation by industries.
Answer: Industries can reduce pollution by recycling and reusing water, treating hot water before release, and installing pollution control devices. Smoke stacks, filters, and scrubbers reduce air pollution. Plantation of green belts and ecological monitoring further help.
Question: Discuss the role of the IT and electronics industry in India.
Answer: The IT and electronics industry produces computers, telecommunication equipment and software. Centres like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune and Noida generate employment and boost exports. Rapid growth in hardware and software has made India a global IT hub.
Question: Why is aluminium an important metal for industries?
Answer: Aluminium is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, and strong when mixed with other metals. It is used in manufacturing aircraft, utensils, wires, and vehicles. Its increasing demand has made aluminium smelting the second most important metallurgical industry in India.
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