Manufacturing Industries
1 . Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium Smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Paper
(d) Steel
Answer: (a) Aluminium Smelting
(ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium Smelting
(d) Information Technology
Answer: (b) Electronic
2 . Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.
(i) What is manufacturing?
Answer: Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials into more valuable products, like paper from wood or sugar from sugarcane.
(ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Answer: Basic industries supply raw materials to manufacture other goods. Example: Iron and Steel Industry.
3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer: Industries cause air, water, land and noise pollution. Air pollution results from smoke emitted by factories, brick kilns, refineries and burning of fossil fuels releasing sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and dust. Water pollution occurs due to discharge of industrial effluents from paper, pulp, chemical, textile, dyeing, petroleum refineries and tanneries, containing harmful substances like detergents, acids, salts, heavy metals and synthetic chemicals. Thermal pollution is caused when hot water from factories and power plants is drained into rivers. Solid wastes like fly ash, phospho-gypsum and iron and steel slags pollute land and water. Noise pollution from machinery, equipment, saws, drills and generators causes hearing problems, stress and health issues. Thus, industries significantly degrade the environment.
(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?
Answer: Industries can reduce environmental degradation by minimising water usage through reuse and recycling, and treating effluents before releasing them into rivers. Hot water should be cooled before draining. Treatment of wastewater involves three stages: primary (mechanical screening and sedimentation), secondary (biological processes), and tertiary (biological, chemical and physical recycling). Air pollution can be controlled by fitting smoke stacks with filters, scrubbers and precipitators, and by using oil or gas instead of coal. Noise pollution can be reduced by redesigning machinery, using silencers, noise-absorbing materials and ear protection. Industries should also adopt modern techniques, maximise ash utilisation, create green belts, recycle wastes, and monitor ecological balance. Integrating economic growth with environmental concerns ensures sustainable development.
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