eVidyarthi

Main Menu
  • eVidyarthi
  • School English Medium
    • Class 6th
      • Maths Class 6
      • Science Class 6
      • Hindi Class 6
      • Vyakaran
      • English Class 6
      • English Grammar
      • Sanskrit Class 6
      • Geography Class 6
      • Civics Class 6
      • History Class 6
    • Class 7th
      • Maths Class 7
      • Science Class 7
      • Hindi Class 7
      • Vyakaran
      • English Class 7
      • English Grammar
      • Sanskrit Class 7
      • Geography Class 7
      • Civics Class 7
      • History Class 7
    • Class 8th
      • Maths Class 8
      • Science Class 8
      • Hindi Class 8
      • Vyakaran
      • English Class 8
      • English Grammar
      • Sanskrit Class 8
      • Geography Class 8
      • Civics Class 8
      • History Class 8
    • Class 9th
      • Maths Class 9
      • Science Class 9
      • Hindi Class 9
      • व्याकरण
      • English Class 9
      • English Grammar
      • Economics Class 9
      • Geography Class 9
      • Civics Class 9
      • History Class 9
      • Sanskrit Class 9
    • Class 10th
      • Maths Class 10
      • Science Class 10
      • Hindi Class 10
      • Vyakaran
      • English Class 10
      • English Grammar
      • Economics Class 10
      • Geography Class 10
      • Civics Class 10
      • History Class 10
      • Sanskrit Class 10
    • Class 11
      • Maths Class 11
      • English Class 11
      • Hindi Class 11
      • Accounts Class 11
      • Physics Class 11
      • Chemistry Class 11
      • Biology Class 11
      • Economics Class 11
      • Geography Class 11
      • History Class 11
      • Political Science Class 11
      • Sociology Class 11
    • Class 12
      • Maths Class 12
      • English Class 12
      • Hindi Class 12
      • Accounts Class 12
      • Physics Class 12
      • Chemistry Class 12
      • Biology Class 12
      • Economics Class 12
      • Geography Class 12
      • History Class 12
      • Political Science Class 12
      • Sociology Class 12
    • Close
  • School हिन्दी माध्यम
    • Class 6
      • Hindi Class 6
      • English Grammar
      • Vyakaran
      • गणित Class 6
      • विज्ञान Class 6
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 6
      • English Class 6
      • संस्कृत Class 6
    • Class 7
      • Hindi Class 7
      • English Grammar
      • Vyakaran
      • गणित Class 7
      • विज्ञान Class 7
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 7
      • English Class 7
      • Sanskrit Class 7
    • Class 8
      • Hindi Class 8
      • English Grammar
      • Vyakaran
      • गणित Class 8
      • विज्ञान Class 8
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 8
      • English Class 8
      • Sanskrit Class 8
    • Class 9
      • Hindi Class 9
      • English Grammar
      • Vyakaran
      • गणित Class 9
      • विज्ञान Class 9
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 9
      • English Class 9
      • Sanskrit Class 9
    • Class 10
      • Hindi Class 10
      • English Grammar
      • Vyakaran
      • गणित Class 10
      • विज्ञान Class 10
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 10
      • English Class 10
      • Sanskrit Class 10
    • Class 11
      • गणित Class 11
      • English Class 11
      • Hindi Class 11
      • अर्थशास्त्र Class 11
      • भूगोल Class 11
      • इतिहास Class 11
      • राजनितिक विज्ञान
      • समाजशास्त्र Class 11
      • भौतिक विज्ञान Class 11
      • रसायन विज्ञान Class 11
      • जीव विज्ञान Class 11
    • Class 12
      • गणित Class 12
      • English Class 12
      • Hindi Class 12
      • अर्थशास्त्र Class 12
      • भूगोल Class 12
      • इतिहास Class 12
      • राजनितिक विज्ञान
      • समाजशास्त्र Class 12
      • भौतिक-विज्ञान Class 12
      • रसायन विज्ञान Class 12
      • जीव विज्ञान Class 12
    • Close
  • यूपी बोर्ड
    • Class 6
      • गणित Class 6
      • English Class 6
      • विज्ञान Class 6
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 6
      • Hindi Class 6
      • Sanskrit Class 6
      • कृषि विज्ञान Class 6
      • गृहशिल्प Class 6
    • Class 7
      • गणित Class 7
      • English Class 7
      • विज्ञान Class 7
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 7
      • Hindi Class 7
      • Sanskrit Class 7
      • कृषि विज्ञान Class 7
      • गृहशिल्प Class 7
    • Class 8
      • English Class 8
      • विज्ञान Class 8
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 8
      • Hindi Class 8
      • Sanskrit Class 8
      • कृषि विज्ञान Class 8
    • Class 9
      • गणित Class 9
      • English class 9
      • विज्ञान Class 9
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 9
      • हिंदी Class 9
      • संस्कृत Class 9
    • Class 10
      • गणित Class 10
      • English Class 10
      • विज्ञान Class 10
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 10
      • हिंदी Class 10
      • संस्कृत Class 10
    • Class 11
      • English Class 11
      • इतिहास Class 11
      • रसायन विज्ञान Class 11
      • भौतिक विज्ञान Class 11
      • संस्कृत Class 11
      • हिंदी Class 11
    • Class 12
      • गणित Class 12
      • English Class 12
      • रसायन विज्ञान Class 12
      • भूगोल Class 12
      • समाजशास्त्र Class 12
      • नागरिक शास्त्र Class 12
      • हिंदी Class 12
    • Close
  • बिहार बोर्ड
    • Class 6
      • हिंदी Class 6
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • गणित Class 6
      • विज्ञान Class 6
      • English Class 6
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 6
      • Sanskrit Class 6
    • Class 7
      • हिंदी Class 7
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • गणित Class 7
      • विज्ञान Class 7
      • English Class 7
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 7
      • Sanskrit Class 7
    • Class 8
      • हिंदी Class 8
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • गणित Class 8
      • विज्ञान Class 8
      • English Class 8
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 8
      • Sanskrit Class 8
    • Class 9
      • हिंदी Class 9
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • गणित Class 9
      • विज्ञान Class 9
      • English Class 9
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 9
      • Sanskrit Class 9
    • Class 10
      • हिंदी Class 10
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • गणित Class 10
      • विज्ञान Class 10
      • English Class 10
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 10
      • Sanskrit Class 10
    • Close
  • एमपी बोर्ड
    • Class 6
      • हिंदी Class 6
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • English Class 6
      • संस्कृत Class 6
      • गणित Class 6
      • विज्ञान Class 6
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान
    • Class 7
      • हिंदी Class 7
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • English Class 7
      • संस्कृत Class 7
      • गणित Class 7
      • विज्ञान Class 7
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान
    • Class 8
      • हिंदी Class 8
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • English Class 8
      • संस्कृत Class 8
      • गणित Class 8
      • विज्ञान Class 8
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 8
    • Class 9
      • हिंदी Class 9
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • गणित Class 9
      • संस्कृत Class 9
      • विज्ञान Class 9
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 9
    • Class 10
      • हिंदी Class 10
      • Vyakaran
      • English Grammar
      • English Class 10
      • गणित Class 10
      • संस्कृत Class 10
      • विज्ञान Class 10
      • सामाजिक विज्ञान Class 10
    • Class 11
      • English Class 11
      • गणित Class 11
      • अर्थशास्त्र Class 11
      • भूगोल Class 11
      • इतिहास Class 11
      • राजनितिक विज्ञान Class 11
      • भौतिक विज्ञान Class 11
      • रसायन विज्ञान Class 11
      • जीव विज्ञान Class 11
      • समाजशास्त्र Class 11
    • Class 12
      • हिंदी Class 12
      • English Class 12
      • गणित Class 12
    • Close
  • छत्तीसगढ़ बोर्ड
  • English
    • Basic English Grammar
    • Basic English Speaking
    • English Vocabulary
    • English Idioms & Phrases
    • Personality Enhancement
    • Interview Skills
    • Close
  • Softwares
    • Microsoft Word
    • PhotoShop
    • Excel
    • Illustrator
    • PowerPoint
    • Close
Class 12th Chemistry || Menu
  • MCQ Chemistry Class 12
  • Important Questions Chemistry class 12
  • Notes Chemistry Class 12
  • Previous Year Papers Chemistry Class 12
  • Sample Papers Chemistry Class 12
  • Book Chemistry Class 12
  • Syllabus Chemistry Class 12
  • Marking Scheme Chemistry Class 12
  • The Solid State
    • Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
    • Three Dimensional Packing
    • Packing Efficiency
    • Crystal Lattice
    • Dimensions of Unit Cells
    • Close
  • Imperfections in Crystals
  • Solutions
    • Strength of Solutions
    • Ideal Solutions
    • Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
    • Boiling and Freezing Points of Solutions
    • Association and Dissociation
    • Solubility
    • Close
  • Electro-Chemistry
    • Conductivity of Solutions
    • Kohlrausch’s Law
    • Electrolysis
    • Electrochemical Cells
    • Standard Electrode Potential
    • Nernst Equation
    • Batteries
    • Corrosion
    • Close
  • Chemical Kinetics
    • Rate of Chemical Reaction
    • Order and Molecularity of Reaction
    • Integrated Rate Equation
    • Temperature Dependence of Reaction
    • Collision Theory
    • Close
  • Surface Chemistry
    • Adsorption
    • Catalysis
    • Emulsions
    • Types of Colloids
    • Properties of Colloids
    • Close
  • Isolation of Elements
    • Occurrence and Extraction
    • Principles of Metallurgy
    • Close
  • The p-Block Elements
    • Trends in Properties of p-Block
    • Nitrogen and Its Compounds
    • Phosphorus and Its Compounds
    • Oxygen
    • Sulphur and Its Compounds
    • Halogens
    • Group 18 Elements
    • Close
  • The d-Block and f-Block Elements
    • Introduction to d-Block Elements
    • Properties of d-Block Elements
    • Important Compounds of d-Block
    • Lanthanoids and Actinoids
    • Close
  • Coordination Compounds
    • Introduction to Co-ordination Compounds
    • Nomenclature of Co-ordination Compounds
    • Valence Bond Theory
    • Crystal Field Theory
    • Close
  • Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
    • Characteristics of Halo Compounds
    • General Methods of Preparation
    • Chemical Properties
    • Polyhalogen Compounds
    • Close
  • Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
    • Introduction to Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
    • Preparation of Alcohols and Phenols
    • Properties of Alcohols
    • Characteristics of Phenols
    • Ethers : Preparation and Properties
    • Close
  • Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
    • General Study of Carbonyl Compounds
    • Aldehydes and Ketones
    • Carboxylic Acids
    • Close
  • Amines
    • Study of Nitrogen Functional Group
    • Preparation of Amines
    • Properties of Amines
    • Diazonium Salts
    • Close
  • Polymers
    • Classification of Polymers
    • Addition and Condensation Polymers
    • Close
  • Chemistry in Everyday Life
    • Therapeutic Action of Drugs
    • Classification of Drugs and their Target Interaction
    • Food Additives and Cleansing Agents
    • Close
Share on WhatsApp

Notes Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 3 Electro chemistry

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12

1. Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical energy and inter-conversion of one form into another.
2. An electrochemical cell consists of two metallic electrodes dipped in electrolytic solutions. The cells are of two types:
(a) Electrolytic cells (b) Galvanic cells
3. A galvanic cell consists of two half cells. Each half cell contains an electrolytic solution and a metallic electrode.The electrode at which- oxidation takes place is called an anode and the electrode at which reduction takes place is called the cathode. The half-cells are separated from each other by means of a porous pot or a salt bridge.
4. The passage of current from one electrode to the other indicates the existence of potential difference between them. This difference of potential which causes current to flow from the electrode of higher negative potential is called the electromotive force (emf).
5. Electrical energy = Emf (volts) x Quantity of electricity (coulombs)
6. The potential of SHE is assigned an arbitrary value of zero. E° = 0 V. It is used as a reference electrode for measuring the standard electrode potentials. .
7. When the elements are arranged in order of their standard electrode potentials, a series known as electrochemical series is obtained.
8. Standard emf of a cell,
E0cell =E0cathode  –  E0node = E0Riglit – E0Left
9. ΔG° = -nFE0cell
If E0cell  is positive, ΔG° would be negative and reaction would be spontaneous. If E0cell is
negative, ΔG° would be positive and the reaction would be non-spontaneous.
10. A species with higher standard reduction potential has greater tendency to accept electrons to undergo reduction or vice versa.
11. The potential of an electrode in contact with its ions in solution varies with the concentration of the ion. Thus, for a redox reaction,
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-1
12. For an electrochemical cell for which the overall reaction is
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-2
13. The equilibrium constant, Aofcell can be relate to standard emf of cell
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-3
14. Resistance is the measure of obstruction to the flow of current.
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-4
where S = specific resistance or resistivity. Unit of R is ohm.
15. Resistivity is defined as the resistance of a conductor of 1cm length and having an area of cross-section equal to 1cm2.
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-5
unit of resistivity is ohm-cm
16. Conductance is reciprocal of resistance, i. e.,
Unit of conductance is ohm-1 or mho or Siemen(S).
17. Specific conductance Λsp is reciprocal of specific resistance.
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-6
Specific conductance is thus defined as the conductance of a solution taken in a cell whose electrodes are at unit distance apart from each other and each having an area equal to 1 cm2. Unit of specific conductance is ohm-1 cm-1 or S cm-1.
18. Molar conductance (Λm) is defined as the conductance of the volume of solution which contains one mole of the solute and is placed between two parallel electrodes which are one centimetre apart and having sufficient area to hold the whole of the solution.
Unit of molar conductance is Ω-1 cm2 mol-1 or S cm2 mol-1
19.
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-7
where C = concentration of solution in moles per litre (or Molarity).
20. The electrical conductance through metals decreases with increase in temperature.
21. The electrolytic conductance increases with increase of temperature.
22. Effect of Dilution on
(а) Equivalent conductance: The value of equivalent conductance increase with dilution and attains a maximum value at infinite dilution.
(b) Specific conductance: The value of specific conductance decreases with dilution as the number of current carrying particles i.e., ions present per cm3 of solution decreases on dilution.
(c) Molar conductance: The value of molar conductance increases with dilution and finally attains a maximum value at infinite dilution.
23. Variation of molar conductance with concentration:
(a) Strong electrolytes:
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-8
(b) Weak electrolytes:
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-9
24. According to Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions, the limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can be expressed as the sum of the contributions of the cation and the anion of the electrolyte.
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-10
where v+, v– are the number of cat ions and anions per unit formula of the electrolyte respectively; λ0+, and λ0– are the limiting molar conductivities of the cation and anion respectively.
25. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis:
(a) First law: The amount of a substance deposited or liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte. Mathematically,
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-11
where m = mass of substance deposited or liberated.
Mass of substance A deposited or liberated Mass of substance B deposited or liberated current in amperes t = time in seconds, and Z = constant called electrochemical equivalent.
(b) Second law: When the same quantity of electricity is passed through solutions of different electrolytes, the weight of different substances deposited or liberated at the respective electrodes are proportional to their chemical equivalent weights.
26.
electro-chemistry-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-13
27. The charge on one mole of electrons is approximately equal to 96500 coulombs. This quantity of electricity is called Faraday constant (F).
28. A battery consists of two or more galvanic cells connected in series. There are two kinds of batteries:
(a) Primary batteries: In primary batteries, when the reactants have been converted into
products, no more electricity is produced. The cell reaction cannot be reversed and the battery becomes dead.
(b) Secondary batteries: In secondary batteries (or cells), the cell reaction can be reversed by passing electricity through the battery (charging). It means that the battery can be used again and again through a large number of discharging and charging cycles.
29. The most common example of secondary battery is the lead storage battery.
30. Electrical cells that are discharged to convert the energy from the combustion of fuels (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc.) directly into the electrical energy are called fuel cells.
31. The corrosion of metals is an electrochemical process. It occurs in presence of water and oxygen.

Question Answer of Chapter in PDF

NCERT Book, Notes & MCQ Online Test

Online Quiz for Objective Questions in Hindi and English

ads

Android APP

eVidyarthi

YouTube Channels

Mathematics Class 6
Science Class 6
Social Science Class 6
हिन्दी Class 6
सामाजिक विज्ञान कक्षा 6
विज्ञान कक्षा 6

Mathematics Class 7
Science Class 7
SST Class 7
सामाजिक विज्ञान कक्षा 7
हिन्दी Class 7

Mathematics Class 8
Science Class 8
Social Science Class 8
हिन्दी Class 8

Mathematics Class 9
Science Class 9
English Class 9

Mathematics Class 10
English Class 10

Mathematics Class XI
Chemistry Class XI
Accountancy Class 11

Accountancy Class 12
Mathematics Class 12

Learn English
English Through हिन्दी
Job Interview Skills
English Grammar
हिंदी व्याकरण - Vyakaran
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft PowerPoint
Adobe PhotoShop
Adobe Illustrator
Learn German
Learn French
IIT JEE
Privacy Policies, Terms and Conditions, Contact Us
Copyright © 2023 eVidyarthi and its licensors. All Rights Reserved.