Chemistry Class 12 Solutions, MCQ, Important Questions, Notes, Book PDF

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 CBSE 1. The classes of organic compounds containing carbonyl group (CO) as the functional group are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivates. These are collectively called carbonyl compounds. 2. Nature of carbonyl group: Oxygen atom in carbonyl group is far more electronegative than carbon atom. As a result, the […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 CBSE 1. Alcohols and phenols may be classified as monohydric, dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric according to number of hydroxyl groups they contain one, two, three or many respectively in their molecules. 2. Primary (1°), secondary (2°) and tertiary (3°) alcohols are those in which as the OH group is attached […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 CBSE 1. Haloalkanes are classified as fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo compounds according to the type of halogen present and as mono-, di- tri-, tetra- haloalkanes, etc., according to the one, two, three, four, etc., halogen atoms respectively present in their molecule. 2. Alkyl halides are further classified as primary […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 CBSE 1. Coordination compounds contain a central atom (or cation) which is coordinated to a suitable number of anions or neutral molecules and usually retain their identity in solution as well as in solid state. These may be a positively charged, negatively charged or a neutral species, [Co(NH3)6]3+, [NiCl4]2-, […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 CBSE 1. The elements lying in the middle of Periodic Table between s-block and p-block elements (i.e between group 2 and 13) are known as d-block or transition elements. 2. There are three transition series each of 10 elements: (i) First transition series: It involves filling of 3d-orbitals. It starts from scandium […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 I Group 15 Elements: The Nitrogen Family 1. In group 15 of the Periodic Table, the elements, nitrogen (7N), phosphorus (15P), arsenic (33As), antimony (51Sb) and bismuth (83Bi) are present. 2. (a) The elements of this group can exhibit various oxidation states ranging between -3 to+ 5. (b) Maximum covalency […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 1. Minerals: The natural substance in which the metals or their compounds occur in the earth is called minerals. 2. Ores: The minerals from which the metals can be conveniently and economically extracted are called ores. 3. Native ores: These ores contain metals in the free state, e.g., silver, gold, platinum, […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 1. This phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of a substance by a solid (or a liquid) on its surface resulting into a higher concentration of the molecules on the surface is known as adsorption. 2. The substance that is adsorbed is called adsorbate and the substance which adsorbs is called adsorbent. 3. Desorption is […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 CBSE 1. Chemical kinetics is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of rates (or fastness) of chemical reactions, the factors affecting it and the mechanism by which the reactions proceed. 2. Rate of reaction is the change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time. For […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 CBSE 1. Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical energy and inter-conversion of one form into another. 2. An electrochemical cell consists of two metallic electrodes dipped in electrolytic solutions. The cells are of two types: (a) Electrolytic cells (b) Galvanic […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 CBSE 1. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or 9. more chemically non-reacting substances. The components of a solution generally cannot be separated by filtration, settling or centrifuging. 2. A solution may be classified as solid, liquid or a gaseous solution. 3. Solubility is defined as the amount of […]

Notes For All Chapters Chemistry Class 12 1. Solids are substances which have fixed shape and volume. 1’hey are characterised by rigidity, incompressibility, slow diffusion and mechanical strength. They are classified as: (a) Crystalline solids (b) Amorphous solids . 2. The crystalline solids are further classified as: (a) Metallic solids (b) Ionic solids (c) Covalent solids (d) […]