CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes, NCERT Solutions, Sample & Previous Year Papers

All plant organs are made up of various kinds of tissues which occupy specific locations within an organ and perform specific designated functions. Thus, the development of a plant follows a very precise pattern, during this period complex body organisation is formed, i.e., produces, roots, leaves, branches, flowers, fruits, seed which finally dies. Topic 1 […]

All living organisms require a continuous supply of energy for their survival. Energy is used to carry out various functions such as uptake of materials, absorption, growth, development, movement and even breathing. About 50% of the energy produced by the cell is utilized by these cellular activities and rest of it is changed into heat […]

All animals including human beings depend on plants for their food. Green plant synthesize the food they need, and for all other organisms depend on them for their needs. Green plants carry out photosynthesis, a physio-chemical processor which they use the light energy to derive the synthesis of organic compounds. Topic 1 Introduction to Photosynthesis […]

Topic 1 Minerals and Their Importance Living organisms require a number of macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water and minerals in order to grow and develop. Thus, the inorganic substances or minerals that provide nourishment to the living organisms or wftrk as a raw material for body building and maintaining its normal functions are […]

In flowering plants, a complex movement of materials take place in different directions. This is despite the fact that plants do not bear any circulatory system. Water taken up by the roots has to reach all the parts of the plant, up to very tip of the growing stem, where photosynthesis and growth are going […]

Each and every organism begins its life from single cell and grows to form large organism. All living cells grow in size and reproduce by dividing into two daughter cells, i.e., each parental cell divide and give rise to two daughter cells each time it divide, which again grow, divide and give rise to new […]

A cell is composed of variety of molecules (like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) which perform various functions. Other than these basic elements, some metals and non-metals are also present as cellular materials, thence, all these materials combines in different ways in order to form various biomolecules, which are found in cells of organisms. These molecules are […]

Topic 1 Cell :An Overview An organism consist of one or more cells, accordingly there are two types of organisms, i.e., unicellular (composed of single cell) and multi cellular (composed of many cells). Cell Theory The cell theory was formulated by two German Scientists, Matthias Schneider and Theodore Schwinn independently. Schneider (1838) examined a large […]

Topic 1: Animal Tissues Tissue All cells are well organised and coordinated to work in a group. A group of similar cells along with intercellular substances perform a specific function, such an organisation is called tissue. The term ‘Tissue’ was introduced by Bichat and he is known as the father of animal histology. A tissue […]

This chapter introduces the internal structure and functional organisation of higher plants. The study of internal structure of plant is called anatomy. 1. Tissues and Tissue Systems The plants have cells as their basic unit. Compared to animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall consisting of a primary cell wall, secondary cell wall and […]