CBSE Class 11 Sample Papers, Syllabus, Test Papers & NCERT Solutions

Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Organism 1. The Living World 2. Biological Classification 3. Plant Kingdom 4. Animal Kingdom Unit 2 – Structural Organisation ion Plants and Animals 5. Morphology of Flowering Plants 6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants 7. Structural Organisation in Animals Unit 3 – Cell Structure and Function 8. Cell The Unit of Life 9. Biomolecules 10. Cell Cycle and Cell Division […]

In the previous chapter, you have already learnt that the nervous system in the body, provides point-to-point coordination among the organs. The neural coordination is rapid, but short lived in nature. However, the nerve cells of not reach to each and every cell of the body. So, a special kind of coordination and integration is […]

The human body has several organs. These organs cannot perform their functions independently. In order to maintain homeostasis for the normal physiology of the human body, functions of these organs/organ systems in our body must be coordinated, so that they can work in proper manner. Topic 1 Nervous System : An Overview Coordination is the […]

Topic 1 Musculature : Structure and Functions Movement Movement is defined as any visible change of position, exhibited either by the whole organism or any part of the body. It is one of the important characteristics of living organisms. The movement of living things are autonomic (self-sustained) while, the movement of non-living objects is induced […]

Excretion is the removal of nitrogenous waste products and other metabolites from the animal body which is normally associated with the process of maintenance of osmibtic concentrations, i.e., osmoregulation within the body. Both excretion and osmoregulation are important for the maintenance of homeostasis, i.e., for keeping the internal environment of the body constant that is […]

Each and every cell of a multicellular organism require food, oxygen and vital components to survive. Simultaneously as a result of metabolism, cell also produces some useful and waste products. Substances that are useful, are transported to other cells, while harmful or waste substances are removed from the body. Thus, it is essential to have […]

Cells continuously use oxygen (O2) for the catabolic reactions that releases energy from molecules, e.g., breakdown of nutrient molecules like glucose. Thus, O2 has to be provided to the cells constantly. Simultaneously, these reactions releases carbon dioxide (CO2), which is harmful, so it must be removed quickly and efficiently. The process that helps in the exchange […]

Topic 1 Digestion: The System and Associated Glands Animals depend on ready-made food for their nutritional requirements. Nutrition is a process by which animal obtain essential and non-essential substances called nutrients. The way by which organisms derive their nutrients is called mode of nutrition. It is mainly of two types (a) Autotrophic or Holophytic The […]

All plant organs are made up of various kinds of tissues which occupy specific locations within an organ and perform specific designated functions. Thus, the development of a plant follows a very precise pattern, during this period complex body organisation is formed, i.e., produces, roots, leaves, branches, flowers, fruits, seed which finally dies. Topic 1 […]

All living organisms require a continuous supply of energy for their survival. Energy is used to carry out various functions such as uptake of materials, absorption, growth, development, movement and even breathing. About 50% of the energy produced by the cell is utilized by these cellular activities and rest of it is changed into heat […]

All animals including human beings depend on plants for their food. Green plant synthesize the food they need, and for all other organisms depend on them for their needs. Green plants carry out photosynthesis, a physio-chemical processor which they use the light energy to derive the synthesis of organic compounds. Topic 1 Introduction to Photosynthesis […]

Topic 1 Minerals and Their Importance Living organisms require a number of macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water and minerals in order to grow and develop. Thus, the inorganic substances or minerals that provide nourishment to the living organisms or wftrk as a raw material for body building and maintaining its normal functions are […]

In flowering plants, a complex movement of materials take place in different directions. This is despite the fact that plants do not bear any circulatory system. Water taken up by the roots has to reach all the parts of the plant, up to very tip of the growing stem, where photosynthesis and growth are going […]

Each and every organism begins its life from single cell and grows to form large organism. All living cells grow in size and reproduce by dividing into two daughter cells, i.e., each parental cell divide and give rise to two daughter cells each time it divide, which again grow, divide and give rise to new […]

A cell is composed of variety of molecules (like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) which perform various functions. Other than these basic elements, some metals and non-metals are also present as cellular materials, thence, all these materials combines in different ways in order to form various biomolecules, which are found in cells of organisms. These molecules are […]

Topic 1 Cell :An Overview An organism consist of one or more cells, accordingly there are two types of organisms, i.e., unicellular (composed of single cell) and multi cellular (composed of many cells). Cell Theory The cell theory was formulated by two German Scientists, Matthias Schneider and Theodore Schwinn independently. Schneider (1838) examined a large […]