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Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 11 Force and Pressure

What is a Force? When a push or pull is applied to an object it is called force. A force can change the state of an object from rest to motion or vice versa. To let a force come into play, two or more objects must interact with each other.           […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Adolescence and Puberty Animals, as well as human beings, can reproduce only after a certain age or time period in their lives after growing up into an adult. This is because of changes in hormones in their bodies that make them capable of reproduction. What is adolescence? It is a time period in life when […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals

a) Several processes such as circulation of blood, digestion and respiration are essential for the survival of human beings and other animals. b) Similarly, reproduction is essential to maintain the continuity in the species. c) If reproduction in animals does not take place, no similar kind of organisms will be present on the earth generation […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Functions

A Cell (from Latin cella, meaning “Small Room”) is the basic Structural, Functional, and Biological unit of all known Living Organisms. A cell is the Smallest Unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the “Building Blocks of Life”. Discovery of the Cell    Figure1: Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Garbage In, Garbage Out

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Dealing with Garbage Garbage is defined as the items or materials that need to be discarded because they no longer serve any purpose for us or are of no use to us. Tonnes of garbage and is generated by us on a daily basis. Garbage is often associated […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Air around Us

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 The invisible gaseous medium around us, mainly constituted by oxygen and nitrogen is known as air. It is through this air that we are able to carry out the process of respiration. Air is transparent and colourless. It occupies space and is present all around us. Atmosphere: The […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals

Biosphere: Part of the Earth that supports life is called the biosphere. It is here that all living organisms exist. Biodiversity: Variety of organisms that exist on the Earth, their interrelationships, and their relationship with their environment is called the Biological Diversity and the Biodiversity. Wildlife Sanctuary: This is a protected area where animals can […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Water

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Introduction: It is common knowledge that water is important on our Earth and without water, life as we know it would cease to exist. While Earth has an abundant reservoir of water, covering three-fourths of its surface, Freshwater is a mere 2.6% of the total water. Water is […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 10 Fun with Magnets

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 What are Magnets? Magnets are pieces of iron or other materials which exhibit the properties of magnetism i.e. the ability to attract other objects that contain iron. Compass needles, fridge magnets and MRI scanners are some common examples of magnets. It is said that magnets were discovered after […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 9 Electricity and Circuits

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Introduction to Electricity and Circuits Electricity has become so common that sometimes we forget its immense applications. Advantages of Electricity: (i) Light in our houses, offices, roads etc. even past sunset (ii) To operate pumps which in turn have a lot of applications (iii) Electrical appliances like refrigerator, […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame

  Remember, when we burn magnesium ribbon in air, it produces heat and light and we get magnesium oxide. Chemical Equation for Burning of Magnesium Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide + Heat and Light 2Mg + O2 →  2MgO + ∆ Similarly, when we burn charcoal in air, it produces carbon dioxide, heat and […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 8 Light, Shadows and Reflection

Source of light: An object which emits light, is called a source of light. For example, sun, torch, etc. Non-luminous objects: These are the objects which do not emit light of their own. Such a body becomes visible when light falls on it. For example, the moon, the planets, etc. Ray of light: A straight […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum

                                           Figure 1 Classification of Resources Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas are exhaustible natural resources. They are fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are fuels that are formed by fossils (or dead remains) of living organisms. What […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 With the changing times, transport also has gone through various modifications i.e. from animals to the invention of wheels. The evolution of transport is evident when we observe the fast cars, bullet trains etc. Even today new modes of transport are being researched upon. Fig 1: Shows the […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 6 The living organisms and their surroundings

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Introduction: Different regions in the world have various types of living creatures called organisms. Even the openings of volcanoes have tiny living organisms. Even our homes are not devoid of these tiny organisms. List some of the tiny organisms which you have encountered at home! Environment: Everything that […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Body Movements

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Our body is capable of performing a wide variety of simple and complex functions. It is able to do so because of the internal structure that facilitates its movement. Human Body And Its Movements The human skeleton is the internal framework which is responsible for giving support, shape […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 4 Metals and Non-Metals

Metals and Non-metals differ in terms of their physical and chemical properties. Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals Physical Properties Metals Non-Metals Conductivity Metals (such as iron or copper) are good conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals (such as coal or sulphur) are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite is an exception as it […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 4 Getting to Know Plants

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 As we all know, Earth is the only planet in our solar system that has the viable conditions for life to exist. While the presence of water and oxygen is the main reason, we must also recognize that life would not have been possible if it weren’t for […]

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 8 Science

Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals Chapter 8 Cell Structure and Functions Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Chapter 10 Reaching […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

Fabrics are made by weaving fibres (or threads) obtained from natural or artificial sources. They can be of two types: What are Synthetic Fibres? What is a synthetic fibre made up of? A synthetic fibre, as well as plastic, is made up of a chain of small units (called Monomers) which combine to form polymers. […]

Revision Notes Class 8 Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

What are Microbes? Microbes or microorganisms are tiny organisms which are so small that we cannot see them with an unaided eye. Some microorganisms can be seen with the help of a magnifying glass (such as fungus that grows on bread) while some can only be seen when you use a microscope (such as bacteria […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Changes Around Us

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Everything around us is undergoing a process of change. Our hair and nails keep growing. Leaves die and new leaves take their place. While some changes in our environment are temporary and can change back to their original positions, other changes are relatively permanent. On this basis, changes […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 3 Separation of Substances

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 On a day-to-day basis, we are faced with various instances when we are required to separate substances from one another. Whether it is picking out chillies from our paranthas/poha or separating tea leaves from tea while serving it, the need for separation of substances is something we encounter […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Sorting Materials into Groups

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Objects Around Us When we look around, we find ourselves surrounded by a number of objects. Some of these different objects are made from a number of different materials, while others are made using the same material. For Example, both desk and chair are made from wood while […]

Notes Science Class 8 Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Why do we need food? We need food because it gives us energy, keeps us healthy, and helps us to grow as well as repair and replace damaged and worn-out tissues. How do plants and animals get their food? Most plants make their own food through the process of Photosynthesis. Animals feed on plants or […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Variety in Fibres Yarn: Yarn is defined as a long, twisted and continuous strand composed of interlocked fibres or filaments which are used in knitting and weaving to form cloth. Fibres: The thin threads or filaments which form a yarn are called Fibres. Where do fibres come from? […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Components of Food

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 The Composition of Food and Their Uses Nutrients: A nutrient can be defined as components that are needed by our body to grow, survive and carry on different daily activities. Our food contains mainly five major kinds of nutrients namely vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Additionally, food […]

Notes Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food: Where Does It Come From

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 6 Ingredient: Any substances or materials that are required to produce a dish are called Ingredients. Example: Atta (flour) and water are the two ingredients required to make a chapatti. Food Materials and Sources Plants act as sources of food ingredients such as fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses etc. Animals […]

History Chapter 10 Class 8 Question Answer SST

India After Independence Solutions For All Chapters History Class 8 Download PDF History class 8 Solutions Chapter 10 NCERT TEXTBOOK Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Question 1. Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced. Answer: (i)The three problems that the newly 8 million refugees who had come into the country […]

Civics Class 8 Chapter 8 Question Answer SST

Law and Social, Justice Solutions For All Chapters Civics Class 8 CBSE Download PDF Civics class 8 Solutions Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Law and Social, Justice Question 2 What are the advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India? Solution: India provides cheap labour compared to some other countries. Wages […]

Civics Class 8 Chapter 7 Question Answer SST

Public Facilities Solutions For All Chapters Civics Class 8 CBSE Download PDF Civics class 8 Solutions Chapter 7 NCERT Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Public Facilities Question 1. Why do you think there are so few cases of private water supply in the world? Solution: Private companies work for a profit. Providing public facilities like water […]

History Class 8 Chapter 8 Question Answer SST

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947 Solutions For All Chapters History Class 8 CBSE Download PDF History class 8 Solutions Chapter 8 NCERT TEXTBOOK Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Question 1. Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s? Answer: People were dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s […]

Civics Class 8 Chapter 6 Question Answer SST

Confronting Marginalisation Solutions For All Chapters Civics Class 8 CBSE Download PDF Civics class 8 Solutions Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Confronting Marginalisation Question 1. List two Fundamental Rights in the Constitution that Dalits can draw upon to insist that they should be treated with dignity and as equals. Re-read the Fundamental Rights […]

History Class 8 Chapter 7 Question Answer SST

Women, Caste and Reform Solutions For All Chapters History Class 8 CBSE Download PDF History class 8 Solutions Chapter 7 NCERT TEXTBOOK Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Question 1. What social ideas did the following people support: Answer: These people supported the following ideas: 1. Spread of education among women. 2. Widow remarriage. 3. […]

Civics Class 8 Chapter 5 Question Answer SST

Understanding Marginalization Solutions For All Chapters Civics Class 8 CBSE Download PDF Civics class 8 Solutions Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Understanding Marginalization Question 1 Write in your own words two or more sentences of what you understand by the word ‘marginalisation’. Solution: Marginalization is the social process of being confined to a […]