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Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 Deserts are characterised by low rainfall, scanty vegetation and extreme temperatures. Depending on the temperature, there can be hot deserts or cold deserts. The Hot Desert – Sahara (i) The Sahara Desert in Africa is the world’s largest hot desert. (ii) It touches 11 countries and has got […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 Human beings interact with the environment and are dependent on it for a number of things. Life in the Amazon Basin (i) The Amazon River Basin lies near the equator. (ii) Amazon river was discovered by a Spanish explorer, Vicente Yanez Pinzon. (iii) The Amazon basin lies in […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 Human beings are dependent on the environment. To grow food, build homes and develop better means of transport and communication, human beings have modified the environment. Settlements (i) Settlements are places where people build their homes. (ii) The settlements earlier grew near the river valleys as the water […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 Natural vegetation means the plants that grow naturally without human interference. Natural vegetation can be categorised into three categories namely; forest, grassland and desert. The change in the type of natural vegetation occurs mainly because of the changes of climatic conditions. Forests (i) Forests grow where temperature and […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 6 The weather is about day to day changes in the atmosphere. The major seasons in India are : Cold weather season Hot weather season South-West Monsoon season Season of Retreating monsoon Cold Weather Season or Winter During the winter season, cool, dry winds blow from North to the […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 3/4th of earth’s surface is covered by water, so the earth is called the blue planet. The sun’s heat causes evaporation of water vapour. When the water vapour cools down, it condenses and forms clouds. From there, it may fall on the land or sea in the form […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 6 India in the North is bounded by the Himalayas, the Arabian Sea in the West, the Bay of Bengal in the East and the Indian Ocean in the South. India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km. The North-South extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 6 Mountains A mountain is any natural elevation of the earth surface. There are permanently frozen rivers of ice. They are called glaciers. Mountains may be arranged in a line known as the range. The Himalaya, the Alps and the Andes are mountain ranges. There are three types of […]

Notes I Chapter 1 Environment Notes II Chapter 1 Environment Notes I Chapter 2 Inside Our Earth Notes II Chapter 2 Inside Our Earth Notes I Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Class Notes II Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Class Notes I Chapter 4 Air Notes II Chapter 4 Air Notes I Chapter 5 Water […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 Our atmosphere is surrounded by a huge blanket of air called atmosphere. Composition of the Atmosphere (i) Nitrogen and oxygen are the two gases which make up the bulk of the atmosphere. (ii) Carbon dioxide, helium, ozone, argon and hydrogen are found in lesser quantities. (iii) Apart from […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 6 There are three main components of the environment – Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Hydrosphere. The solid portion of the Earth on which we live is called the Lithosphere. The gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth is the Atmosphere. The area covered by water is called Hydrosphere. The zone which […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 The lithosphere is broken down into a number of plates known as the Lithosphere plates. The movement of these plates causes changes on the surface of the earth. The forces that act in the interior of the earth are called endogenic forces, while the forces that work on […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 What is Earth? (i) The earth comprises three layers: crust, mantle and core. (ii) Constant changes take place inside as well as outside the earth. What is the Interior of the Earth? (i) The earth is made up of three concentric layers-crust, mantle and core. (ii) The uppermost […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 6 A globe can be useful when we want to study the Earth as a whole. A map is a representation or a drawing of the Earth’s surface or a part of it drawn on a flat surface according to a scale. When many maps are put together we, […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 7 Environment Nature, place, people, things, etc. that surround the living organisms make the environment. The environment can broadly be classified into the natural and human environment. It is a combination of both natural as well as man-made phenomena. The natural environment comprises biotic (plants and animals) and abiotic-conditions(land, […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 6 Rotation Rotation is the movement of the Earth, on its axis. The axis of the Earth, which is an imaginary line, makes an angle of 66/2° with its orbital plane. The portion facing the Sun experiences day, while the other half away from the Sun experiences night. The […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 6 Globe is a true model of the Earth. A needle is fixed through the globe in a tilted manner, which is called its axis. The imaginary line running on the globe divides it into equal parts. This line is known as the Equator. All parallel circles from the […]

Notes For All Chapters Geography Class 6 Solar System The sun, nine planets, satellites, asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system. The Sun The sun is in the center of the solar system. It is made up of extremely hot gases. The sun is about 150 million km away from the earth. Planets There are […]

Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Geography Class 6 Notes Chapter 1 Geography Class 6 Notes II Chapter 1 Geography Class 6 Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes and Longitudes Geography Class 6 Notes Chapter 2 Geography Class 6 Notes II Chapter 2 Geography Class 6 Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Geography Class 6 […]