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Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Class 10 Notes Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 Notes Chapter 5 Life Processes Class 10 Notes Chapter 6 Control and Coordination Class 10 Notes Chapter 7 How do Organisms Reproduce […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 Anything in the environment which can be used is called a natural resource. Natural Resources includes total natural environment that support human life and contribute to the production of necessities and comforts to mankind. So natural resources are the coihponents of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Types of Natural […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Ecosystem – What are its Components? Definition of Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a system where all organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms, humans) interact with the physical surroundings. It maintains a balance in nature. It includes: Biotic components (living): plants, animals, microbes. Abiotic components (non-living): temperature, rainfall, soil, […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 Acids: Indicators, General characteristics, Properties of acids, Chemical nature of acids. Sources of Energy: A source of energy is that which is capable of providing enough useful energy at a steady rate over a long period of time. A Good source of energy should be : Safe and convenient to […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Electric current produces various effects — heating, chemical, and magnetic effects. A current-carrying conductor behaves like a magnet. Hans Christian Oersted (1777–1851): Discovered in 1820 that a compass needle deflects when a current passes through a nearby conductor. Proved that electricity and magnetism are related. […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction to Electricity Electricity is a controllable and convenient form of energy used in homes, schools, hospitals, industries, etc. It is essential for lighting, heating, operating machines, communication, and numerous modern applications. This chapter deals with: Electric current and circuits Potential difference Resistance and Ohm’s Law […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. The Human Eye – Structure and Function The human eye is a vital and sensitive sense organ that enables us to see the world and its colours. It functions like a camera, forming an image on a light-sensitive screen called the retina. Light Path through the […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction to Light Light makes objects visible; in darkness, objects are invisible. Light enables us to see by reflection (object reflects light to eyes) and transmission (through transparent media). Common phenomena related to light: Image formation in mirrors Twinkling of stars Rainbow colours Bending of light […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Basic Concept of Heredity Heredity = Transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Reproduction produces new individuals that: Look similar to parents. Show some differences/variations. Variation = Small changes in DNA or traits that make organisms different. Importance of heredity: Maintains species characteristics. Produces variations → […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Reproduction is not essential for the survival of an individual (unlike nutrition, respiration, excretion). It ensures the continuation of species. Organisms reproduce to create new individuals of the same kind. Key Point: Reproduction is linked with the transfer of DNA (genetic information). 2. Do Organisms […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Living organisms show movements as a response to changes in the environment. Movements can be: Growth-based (e.g., seed germination) Non-growth-based (e.g., cat running, humans reacting to stimuli) Controlled movement ensures appropriate response to specific environmental changes. Control and coordination in organisms are essential for: Receiving […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Living organisms show movement, growth, and molecular activity. Maintenance of life requires continuous molecular movements. These include processes like nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. 2. What Are Life Processes? Life processes: Basic functions essential to maintain life. Even when at rest, organisms perform life processes […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 “The periodic table is a tabular method of displaying the elements in such a way, that the elements having similar properties occur in the same vertical column or group”. Earlier attempts of the classification of elements: Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s law of octaves. Dobereiner’s Triads: This classification is based on […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Carbon is one of the most important elements in our daily life. Found in food, clothing, medicines, fuels, books, living organisms. Abundance in nature: Earth’s crust → 0.02% (carbonates, hydrogen-carbonates, coal, petroleum). Atmosphere → 0.03% (CO₂). Despite small amount, it forms millions of compounds. Reason […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Classification of Elements Elements are broadly classified into metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. Metals: e.g. Iron, Copper, Aluminium, Sodium, Zinc, Gold, Silver. Non-Metals: e.g. Carbon, Sulphur, Iodine, Oxygen, Hydrogen, etc. 2. Physical Properties Metals Lustre – Shiny surface (metallic lustre). Malleability […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction Substances taste sour due to acids and bitter due to bases. Acids and bases neutralise each other’s effects. Indicators are used to identify acids and bases. Natural indicators: Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage, Hydrangea, Petunia, Geranium. Synthetic indicators: Phenolphthalein, methyl orange. Olfactory indicators: Substances that change […]

Notes For All Chapters Science Class 10 CBSE 1. Introduction In daily life we see many changes: Milk turns sour in summer. Iron objects rust in moist air. Grapes ferment to form alcohol. Cooking and digestion of food. Respiration in our body. In all these, the nature and identity of substances change. These are chemical […]