Observing Objects Around Us
- Introduction: Ghulan and Sheeta observe the various materials they interact with daily, including notebooks, pens, and other objects in their classroom.
- What are Materials?: Every object around us is made up of materials such as paper, wood, glass, metal, plastic, and clay. A material is any substance used to create an object.
How to Group Materials?
- Grouping Based on Properties: Objects can be grouped based on common properties like shape, color, hardness, softness, shine, dullness, or the materials they are made from. This process of arranging objects into groups is called classification.
Different Properties of Materials
Materials can be classified based on their properties:
1. Appearance:
- Lustrous Materials: Materials with a shiny surface (e.g., metals like iron, copper, and aluminum).
- Non-lustrous Materials: Materials without a shiny surface (e.g., wood, rubber, and paper).
2. Hardness:
- Hard Materials: Difficult to compress or scratch (e.g., iron, stone).
- Soft Materials: Easily compressible (e.g., rubber, erasers).
3. Transparency:
- Transparent Materials: Objects that allow light to pass through clearly (e.g., glass, water).
- Translucent Materials: Objects that allow some light to pass through but are not clear (e.g., frosted glass).
- Opaque Materials: Objects that do not allow light to pass through (e.g., wood, metals).
4. Solubility:
- Soluble Materials: Substances that dissolve in water (e.g., sugar, salt).
- Insoluble Materials: Substances that do not dissolve in water (e.g., sand, chalk).
Heaviness and Lightness
- Objects that are heavier have more mass, and objects that are lighter have less mass.
- The mass of an object can be measured using a balance.
Space and Volume
- Volume refers to the space occupied by an object.
- The volume of liquids is measured in litres (L) or millilitres (mL).
- Example: Bottles of water may have labels such as 500 mL indicating the volume of liquid inside.
Matter
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
- Mass is measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
- Volume is measured in litres (L) or millilitres (mL).
Uses of Different Materials
- Objects can be made from different materials based on their use. For example:
- Tumbler: Made from glass or metal because these materials can hold water.
- Pen: Made from a combination of plastic, metal, and ink.
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