Short Questions
1. What is a state?
Answer: A state is a political organisation with a defined territory, permanent population, government, and sovereignty.
2. What are the four features of a state?
Answer: The four features are territory, population, government, and sovereignty.
3. What is sovereignty?
Answer: Sovereignty is the full power of a state to govern itself without outside control.
4. What is a government?
Answer: A government is a group of people who make and implement laws to run the country.
5. What are the three organs of government?
Answer: The three organs are the legislature, executive, and judiciary.
6. What is democracy?
Answer: Democracy is a system of government where people choose their leaders through elections.
7. What is a republic?
Answer: A republic is a form of government where the head of state is elected and not hereditary.
8. What is decentralisation?
Answer: Decentralisation means spreading power and decision-making to different levels of government.
9. What does the judiciary do?
Answer: The judiciary interprets laws, protects rights, and ensures justice.
10. What is the role of local government?
Answer: Local government solves local problems like water supply, roads, and sanitation.
Long Questions
1. What is the difference between a state and a government?
Answer: A state includes the people, territory, government, and sovereignty of a country. The government is only one part of the state that makes and implements laws. The government can change after elections, but the state remains the same.
2. Why is India called a democratic republic?
Answer: India is democratic because people elect their representatives through free and fair elections. It is a republic because the head of state is elected and not a king or queen. The Constitution limits the powers of rulers and protects citizens’ rights.
3. Why is decentralisation important in India?
Answer: India is a large and diverse country, so one central government cannot manage everything alone. Decentralisation allows state and local governments to solve problems at their own level. It makes governance more efficient and democratic.
4. What are the functions of the executive?
Answer: The executive implements laws made by the legislature and manages daily administration. It includes the political executive and the permanent executive. It also designs and carries out government policies.
5. How can citizens engage with the government?
Answer: Citizens can file grievances, use the Right to Information Act, and contact political representatives. They can raise issues through media or civil society organisations. Voting in elections is also an important way to participate.
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